Direction: In the following five questions, read the passage carefully and choose the best answer to each question out of the four alternatives.
PASSAGE
A library is an organized collection of sources of information and similar resources, made accessible to a defined community for reference or borrowing. It provides physical or digital access to material, and may be a physical building or room, or a virtual space, or both. A library’s collection can include books, periodicals, newspapers, manuscripts, films, maps, e-books and other formats. Libraries range in size from a few shelves of books to several million items. A library is organized for use and is maintained by a public body, an institution, a corporation, or a private individual. Public and institutional collections and services may be intended for use by people who choose not to or cannot afford to purchase an extensive collection themselves, who need material no individual can reasonably be expected to have, or who require professional assistance with their research. In addition to providing materials, libraries also provide the services of librarians who are experts at finding and organizing information and at interpreting information needs. Libraries often provide quiet areas for studying, and they also offer common areas to facilitate group study and collaboration. Libraries are extending services beyond the physical walls of a building by providing material accessible by electronic means.

Direction: Read the following passage carefully and choose the best answer to each question out of the four alternatives.
PASSAGE
Research is a detailed study of a subject undertaken on a systematic basis in order to increase the stock of knowledge, including knowledge of man, culture and society, and the use of this stock of knowledge to devise new applications. It is used to establish or confirm facts, reaffirm the results of previous work, solve new or existing problems, or develop new theories. To test the validity of instruments, procedures, or experiments, research may replicate elements of prior projects, or the project as a whole. The primary purposes of basic research are documentation, discovery, interpretation, or the research and development of methods and systems for the advancement of human knowledge. There are several forms of research: scientific, humanities, artistic, economic, social, business, marketing, etc. Academic publishing describes system that is necessary in order for academic scholars to review the work and make it available for a wider audience. Most academic work is published in book form. There is also a large body of research that exists in either a thesis or dissertation form. Many researchers spent their time applying for grants for research funds. These grants are necessary not only for researchers to carry out their research, but also as a source of merit.
SOME IMPORTANT WORDS
(1) replicate (V.) : to copy something exactly
(2) thesis (N.) : a long piece of writing completed by a student as part of a university degree, based on their own research
(3) dissertation (N.) : a long piece of writing on a particular subject, especially one written for a university degree