Comprehension


Direction: In the following questions, read the passage carefully and choose the best answer to each question out of the four alternatives.
PASSAGE
Biogas is a mixture of methane, carbon dioxide, hydrogen and hydrogen sulphide, the major constituent being methane. Biogas is produced by anaerobic degradation of animal wastes (sometimes plant wastes) in the presence of water. Anaerobic degradation means break–down of organic matter by bacteria in the absence of oxygen. Biogas is a non-polluting, clean and low-cost fuel which is very useful for rural areas where a lot of animal waste and agricultural waste are available. India has the largest cattle population in the world (240 million) and has tremendous potential for biogas production. From cattle dung alone, we can produce biogas of a magnitude of 22,500 mm 3 annually. Air-tight digestion/degradation of animal waste is safe as it eliminates health hazards which normally occur in case of direct use of dung due to direct exposure to faecal pathogens and parasites.

  1. Why is biogas useful?









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    It is non–polluting, clean and low-cost fuel.

    Correct Option: B

    It is non–polluting, clean and low-cost fuel.


  1. What is Biogas?









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    A mixture of methane, carbon dioxide, hydrogen and hydrogen sulphide.

    Correct Option: A

    A mixture of methane, carbon dioxide, hydrogen and hydrogen sulphide.



Direction: In the following questions, you have a brief passage with 5 questions following the passage. Read the passage carefully and choose the best answer to each question out of the four alternatives.
PASSAGE
The capitalist system does not foster healthy relations among human beings. A few people own all the means of production and others have to sell their labour under conditions imposed upon them. The emphasis of capitalism being on the supreme importance of material wealth, the intensity of its appeal is to the acquisitive tendency. It promotes worship of economic power with little regard to the means employed for its acquisition and the end that it serves. By its exploitation of human beings to the limits of endurance, its concentration is on the largest profit rather than maximum production. Thus the division of human society is done on the basis of profit motive. All this is injurious to human dignity. And when the harrowed poor turn to the founders of religion for succour, they rather offer a subtle defense for the established order. They promise future happiness for present suffering. They conjure up visions of paradise to soothe the suffering majority and censure the revolt of the tortured men. The system imposes injustice, the religion justifies it.
SOME IMPORTANT WORDS
(1) foster (V.) : promote the growth of
(2) imposed (V.) : to force somebody/something to have to deal with something that is difficult/unpleasant
(3) intensity (N.) : high level/degree
(4) acquisitive (Adj.) : eager to acquire and possess things (possessions/ideas)
(5) endurance (N.) : the power to withstand hardship/ stress
(6) harrowed (Adj.) : looking as if you have suffered
(7) succour (N.) : assistance in time of difficulty
(8) subtle (Adj.) : not very noticeable
(9) conjure up (Phr. V.) : to make something appear as a picture in your mind
(10) paradise (N.) : heaven
(11) censure (V.) : rebuke (make fun) formally
(12) dehumanising (V.) : to make somebody lose his human qualities such as kindness, pity, etc.
(13) alleviate (V.) : make lesser/easier
(14) seek (V) : try to get/reach locate/discover
(15) redress (N.) : compensation
(16) perpetuate (V.) : cause to continue/prevail

  1. The established order is supported by religion to









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    perpetuate the injustice imposed by the capitalist system

    Correct Option: D

    perpetuate the injustice imposed by the capitalist system


  1. In a capitalist system of society each man wishes









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    to acquire maximum wealth

    Correct Option: C

    to acquire maximum wealth



  1. The passage indicates that the capitalist system is









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    dehumanising

    Correct Option: A

    dehumanising