Direction: Read the following passages carefully and choose the most appropriate answer to the question out of the four alternatives.
Passage
The Eiffel Tower is an iron lattice tower located on the Champ de Mars in Paris. It was named after the engineer Gustave Eiffel, whose company designed and built the tower. Erected in 1889, it was initially criticised by some of France's leading artists and intellectuals for its design, but has become both a global cultural icon of France and one of the most recognisable structures in the world. The tower is the tallest structure in Paris and the most visited monument in the world; 6.98 million people ascended it in 2011. The tower received its 250 millionth visitor in 2010. The tower is 324 metres, about the same height as an 81-storey building. During its construction, the Eiffel Tower surpassed the washington Monument to assume the title of the tallest man-made structure in the world. The tower has three levels for visitors, with restaurants on the first and second. Tickets can be purchased to ascend by stairs or lift to the first and second levels. Although there are stairs to the third and highest level, these are usually closed to the public and it is generally only accessible by lift. As a global landmark, the Eiffel Tower is featured in media including films, video games, and television shows.

Direction: Read the following passages carefully and choose the most appropriate answer to the question out of the four alternatives.
Passage
Translation is of immense importance today. With rapid commercialization, the narrow barriers between nations are fast disappearing. In the past, there used to be practically no communication amongst nations. The modern world, however, is no longer divided into water-tight compartments. We are heading towards one world, thanks to development in the fields of communication among nations today. Translation forges bonds of unity amongst people who speak different languages. Even if we do not know a particular language or the literature of a particular nation, we can know its richness and the depth of its ideas through translation. Translation also helps in understanding the rich cultural heritage of a nation. Thus a multi-lingual person has a multi-focal view of the world. Translation also serves as a mode of cultural exchange in a multi-lingual country. It plays a pivotal role in the evolution of a pluralistic national
identity. The achievement of translation is both the globalisation of culture and the promotion of intra and intercultural bonding. One may appreciate and enjoy through translation the plays of Shakespeare even if one does not know the English language. One may also know the rich world of Homer, Virgil, Dante, Milton, Dickens, Hardy, Leo Tolstoy, Zola and Munshi Prem Chand through translation. Translation responds to our intellectual, cultural and spiritual needs. It is necessary for information and for the exchange of ideas. Translation, which has hitherto been neglected and marginalized, has assumed importance with rapid globalization. It is now considered an art which requires mastery and perfection. A good translator is able to do away with superficiality and has a clear understanding of the text to be translated. He should have mastery over the subtle nuances of the language from which he is translating. Translating a passage of one language into another literally is not only impossible but would also result in incorrect grammar and syntax.
MEANINGS OF WORDS/PHRASES
(1) forges (V.) : to put a lot of effort into making something successful/ strong so that it will last
(2) hither to (Adv.) : up to the present time
(3) subtle (Adj.) : not very noticeable/obvious
(4) nuances (N.) : a very slight difference in meaning, sound, colour/feelings
(5) syntax (N.) : a systematic orderly arrangement