In anther culture, the anther swells and dehisces along its upper margin, lengthwise. This phenomenon helps to expose the pollen grain. Alternatively, huge amount of pollen grains can be isolated manually and can be cultured aseptically very easily. Therefore, pollen is more suitable material than egg cell for the production of haploid. The development and production of haploid plant in vitro is very important for the study of fundamental and applied aspects of genetics in the higher plants. Production of homozygous diploid by doubling the chromosome number of haploid in vitro makes a pure line in single step and such homozygous pure line is of great importance in plant breeding. Also it is easy to induce cell division in immature pollen cells in some species. By anther and pollen culture, haploids can be produced in large numbers very quickly. ​

Correct Option: C

In anther culture, the anther swells and dehisces along its upper margin, lengthwise. This phenomenon helps to expose the pollen grain. Alternatively, huge amount of pollen grains can be isolated manually and can be cultured aseptically very easily. Therefore, pollen is more suitable material than egg cell for the production of haploid. The development and production of haploid plant in vitro is very important for the study of fundamental and applied aspects of genetics in the higher plants. Production of homozygous diploid by doubling the chromosome number of haploid in vitro makes a pure line in single step and such homozygous pure line is of great importance in plant breeding. Also it is easy to induce cell division in immature pollen cells in some species. By anther and pollen culture, haploids can be produced in large numbers very quickly. ​

Isoschizomers are pairs of restriction enzymes specific to the same recognition sequence. For example, Sph I (CGTAC/G) and Bbu I (CGTAC/G) are isoschizomers of each other. The first enzyme to recognize and cut a given sequence is known as the prototype, all subsequent enzymes that recognize and cut that sequence are isoschizomers. Isoschizomers are isolated from different strains of bacteria and therefore may require different reaction conditions. ​

Correct Option: A

Isoschizomers are pairs of restriction enzymes specific to the same recognition sequence. For example, Sph I (CGTAC/G) and Bbu I (CGTAC/G) are isoschizomers of each other. The first enzyme to recognize and cut a given sequence is known as the prototype, all subsequent enzymes that recognize and cut that sequence are isoschizomers. Isoschizomers are isolated from different strains of bacteria and therefore may require different reaction conditions. ​

⚈ Probiotics are live bacteria that may confer a health benefit on the host. Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) and bifidobacteria are the most common types of microbes used as probiotics. ​​
⚈ ​A xenobiotic is a chemical which is found in an organism but which is not normally produced or expected to be present in it. The term xenobiotics is very often used in the context of pollutants such as dioxins and polychlorinated biphenyls. ​​
⚈ Fructo-oligosaccharide (FOS) and lactulose have been classified as prebiotics. Prebiotics are non-digestible food ingredients that stimulate the growth and/or activity of bacteria in the digestive system in ways claimed to be beneficial to health. ​​
⚈ ​β-Lactam antibiotics (beta-lactam antibiotics) are a broad class of antibiotics, consisting of all antibiotic agents that contains a β-lactam ring in their molecular structures. ​
​

Correct Option: A

⚈ Probiotics are live bacteria that may confer a health benefit on the host. Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) and bifidobacteria are the most common types of microbes used as probiotics. ​​
⚈ ​A xenobiotic is a chemical which is found in an organism but which is not normally produced or expected to be present in it. The term xenobiotics is very often used in the context of pollutants such as dioxins and polychlorinated biphenyls. ​​
⚈ Fructo-oligosaccharide (FOS) and lactulose have been classified as prebiotics. Prebiotics are non-digestible food ingredients that stimulate the growth and/or activity of bacteria in the digestive system in ways claimed to be beneficial to health. ​​
⚈ ​β-Lactam antibiotics (beta-lactam antibiotics) are a broad class of antibiotics, consisting of all antibiotic agents that contains a β-lactam ring in their molecular structures. ​
​

Cells are harvested when the cells have reached a population density which suppresses growth. For adherent cultures, we use trypsin or collagenase. Trypsin, collagenase, or pronase, usually in combination with EDTA, causes cells to detach from the growth surface, thereby aiding in harvesting of anchorage dependent animal cells from culture vessels. ​

Correct Option: A

Cells are harvested when the cells have reached a population density which suppresses growth. For adherent cultures, we use trypsin or collagenase. Trypsin, collagenase, or pronase, usually in combination with EDTA, causes cells to detach from the growth surface, thereby aiding in harvesting of anchorage dependent animal cells from culture vessels. ​

In PCR, the template DNA after ‘n’ cycle ​​​​= (original DNA) × 2ⁿ ​​​​
= 400 × 2²⁰ ​​
But, this is amount in 100µl. In 0.1 µl we have,

Correct Option: D

In PCR, the template DNA after ‘n’ cycle ​​​​= (original DNA) × 2ⁿ ​​​​
= 400 × 2²⁰ ​​
But, this is amount in 100µl. In 0.1 µl we have,