Synthetic seeds or artificial seeds are seed-like structures derived from somatic embryos under in vitro condition after encapsulation by hydrogen. These are tissue culture derived somatic embryos encased in a protective coating. Hydrated synthetic seeds are produced in those plant species where the somatic embryos are recalcitrant and sensitive to desiccation. Hydrated synthetic seeds are produced by encapsulating the somatic embryos in hydrogel capsules. The somatic embryos are mixed with sodium alginate (2 %) and the suspension is dropped into the calcium salts solution (200mM). The principle involved is when sodium alginate dropped into the calcium salt solutions it form round firm beads due to the ion exchange between Na+ in sodium alginate and Ca²⁺ in calcium slat solutions and sodium alginate form calcium alginate in 20-30 minutes. The calcium salt used can be calcium nitrate. ​

Correct Option: A

Synthetic seeds or artificial seeds are seed-like structures derived from somatic embryos under in vitro condition after encapsulation by hydrogen. These are tissue culture derived somatic embryos encased in a protective coating. Hydrated synthetic seeds are produced in those plant species where the somatic embryos are recalcitrant and sensitive to desiccation. Hydrated synthetic seeds are produced by encapsulating the somatic embryos in hydrogel capsules. The somatic embryos are mixed with sodium alginate (2 %) and the suspension is dropped into the calcium salts solution (200mM). The principle involved is when sodium alginate dropped into the calcium salt solutions it form round firm beads due to the ion exchange between Na+ in sodium alginate and Ca²⁺ in calcium slat solutions and sodium alginate form calcium alginate in 20-30 minutes. The calcium salt used can be calcium nitrate. ​

Hairy roots are produced by infecting sterile plant with a natural genetic engineer, Agrobacterim rhizogenes. Genes for auxin synthesis and sensitivity are engineered into plant cells leading to gravity- insensitive mass root production. It is very useful for products produced in roots. Aggregation and shear sensitivity are a major problem for scale up. ​

Correct Option: A

Hairy roots are produced by infecting sterile plant with a natural genetic engineer, Agrobacterim rhizogenes. Genes for auxin synthesis and sensitivity are engineered into plant cells leading to gravity- insensitive mass root production. It is very useful for products produced in roots. Aggregation and shear sensitivity are a major problem for scale up. ​

Shoot organogenesis is one of the in vitro plant regeneration pathway. It has been widely employed in plant biotechnology for invitro micropropagation and genetic transformation, as well as in study of plant development. Organogenesis continues until the definitive characteristics of the organs or plant parts are achieved.

Correct Option: B

Shoot organogenesis is one of the in vitro plant regeneration pathway. It has been widely employed in plant biotechnology for invitro micropropagation and genetic transformation, as well as in study of plant development. Organogenesis continues until the definitive characteristics of the organs or plant parts are achieved.

The strength of ChIP assays is their ability to capture a snapshot of specific protein: DNA interactions occurring in a system and to quantitate the interactions using quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR).

Correct Option: C

The strength of ChIP assays is their ability to capture a snapshot of specific protein: DNA interactions occurring in a system and to quantitate the interactions using quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR).

Tissue plasminogen activator (t-PA) is a naturally occurring protein that catalyze the conversion of the inactive proenzyme plasminogen into active serine protease plasmin. It is one of the two major endogenous mammalian enzymes with this property and is found in blood and tissues from various organs. Although it exerts a similar enzymatic action, it is structurally different from the other major endogenous enzymes, urokinase. t-PA can be used to treat some people who are having a stroke caused by a blood clot. It plays an important role in cell migration and tissue remodeling.

Correct Option: B

Tissue plasminogen activator (t-PA) is a naturally occurring protein that catalyze the conversion of the inactive proenzyme plasminogen into active serine protease plasmin. It is one of the two major endogenous mammalian enzymes with this property and is found in blood and tissues from various organs. Although it exerts a similar enzymatic action, it is structurally different from the other major endogenous enzymes, urokinase. t-PA can be used to treat some people who are having a stroke caused by a blood clot. It plays an important role in cell migration and tissue remodeling.