Advanced Biotech Miscellaneous

Advanced Biotech Miscellaneous

Easy Questions

Advanced Biotech

Advanced Biotech Miscellaneous
  1. Which of the following statements are true about glyphosate tolerant transgenic plants? ​​
    P.​ Transgenic plants detoxify glyphosate. ​​
    Q.​ Transgenic plants produce an altered enzyme that is not affected by glyphosate. ​​
    R.​ Transgenic plants sequester glyphosate in vacuoles. ​​
    S.​ Transgenic plants overcome the inhibition of aromatic amino acid biosynthesis. ​








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    Statement Q :When glyphosphate expressed in chloroplasts of transgenic plants, the insensitive enzymes produced by confer tolerance to the herbicide glyphosphate. ​​
    Statement S : Glyphosphate acts by inhibiting enolpyruvyl-shikimate-3-phosphate synthase (EPSPS), an enzyme in the pathway leading to biosynthesis of aromatic amino acids. Since transgenic plants exhibit resistance to glyphosphate, there is no inhibition of the synthesis of aromatic amino acids.

    Correct Option: C

    Statement Q :When glyphosphate expressed in chloroplasts of transgenic plants, the insensitive enzymes produced by confer tolerance to the herbicide glyphosphate. ​​
    Statement S : Glyphosphate acts by inhibiting enolpyruvyl-shikimate-3-phosphate synthase (EPSPS), an enzyme in the pathway leading to biosynthesis of aromatic amino acids. Since transgenic plants exhibit resistance to glyphosphate, there is no inhibition of the synthesis of aromatic amino acids.

  1. Match the items in Group 1 with their functions in Group 2: ​​
    Group 1​ ​​
    P.​ rol genes​ ​​
    Q.​ Opines​ ​​
    R.​ Virulence genes​
    ​​S.​ Aux and cyt genes ​​
    Group 2 ​​
    1.​ Food and energy source​ ​​
    2.​ Tumor formation ​​
    3.​ Hairy root induction ​​
    4.​ T-DNA transfer and integration








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    P>3 : The rolA, rolB and rolC genes are plant oncogenes that are carried in plasmids of the plant pathogen Agrobacterium rhizogenes. Following agrobacterial infection, these genes are transferred into the plant genome and cause tumor formation and hairy root disease. ​​
    Q>1 : Agrobacterium rhizogenes causes hairy root disease in plants. The transformed roots start producing opines which serve as carbon or nitrogen source for the infecting bacteria.
    R>4 : Genes in the virulence region are grouped into the operons virABCDEFG, which code for the enzymes responsible for mediating transduction of T-DNA to plant cells. ​​
    S>2 : Agrobacterium rhizogenes transfers a piece of oncogenic DNA, i.e. T-DNA. The T-DNA contains onc genes, the expression of which is responsible for the tumorous character of the transformed plant cells. Three onc genes are of prime importance: cyt, aux1, aux2. ​

    Correct Option: D

    P>3 : The rolA, rolB and rolC genes are plant oncogenes that are carried in plasmids of the plant pathogen Agrobacterium rhizogenes. Following agrobacterial infection, these genes are transferred into the plant genome and cause tumor formation and hairy root disease. ​​
    Q>1 : Agrobacterium rhizogenes causes hairy root disease in plants. The transformed roots start producing opines which serve as carbon or nitrogen source for the infecting bacteria.
    R>4 : Genes in the virulence region are grouped into the operons virABCDEFG, which code for the enzymes responsible for mediating transduction of T-DNA to plant cells. ​​
    S>2 : Agrobacterium rhizogenes transfers a piece of oncogenic DNA, i.e. T-DNA. The T-DNA contains onc genes, the expression of which is responsible for the tumorous character of the transformed plant cells. Three onc genes are of prime importance: cyt, aux1, aux2. ​

  1. Which of the following statements hold true for pluripotent stem cells (PSCs) under in vitro conditions? ​​
    P.​ PSCs can be maintained in an undifferentiated state ​​
    Q.​ PSCs exhibit abnormal and unstable karyotypes ​​
    R.​ PSCs can differentiate into a wide variety of cell types ​​
    S. ​PSCs cannot be passaged continuously ​








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    ​In cell biology, pluripotency (from the Latin plurimus, meaning very many, and potens, meaning having power) refers to a stem cell that has the potential to differentiate into any of the three germ layers: endoderm (interior stomach lining, gastrointestinal tract, the lungs), mesoderm (muscle, bone, blood, urogenital), or ectoderm (epidermal tissues and nervous system). Pluripotent stem cells can give rise to any fetal or adult cell type. However, alone they cannot develop into a fetal or adult organism because they lack the potential to contribute to extraembryonic tissue, such as the placenta. ​

    Correct Option: B

    ​In cell biology, pluripotency (from the Latin plurimus, meaning very many, and potens, meaning having power) refers to a stem cell that has the potential to differentiate into any of the three germ layers: endoderm (interior stomach lining, gastrointestinal tract, the lungs), mesoderm (muscle, bone, blood, urogenital), or ectoderm (epidermal tissues and nervous system). Pluripotent stem cells can give rise to any fetal or adult cell type. However, alone they cannot develop into a fetal or adult organism because they lack the potential to contribute to extraembryonic tissue, such as the placenta. ​

  1. A RNA polymerization assay was performed using 3H UTP as the labelled nucleotide with a specific activity of 500 µCi/ µmol (1 µCi = 2.2 × 106 counts per min). After 10 min incubation, the trichloroacetic acid-insoluble radioactivity was found to be 692521 counts per min as determined in a liquid scintillation counter working at 60% efficiency for 3H. The amount of UTP incorporated into the RNA will be ​










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    Since 60% → 692551 cpm ​​
    So, ​​100% ​= 1154201.67% cpm

    ​​Number of moles of 3H UTP =
    1154201.67 cpm × μ mol
    500 × 2.2 × 106 cpm

    = 1050 × 10–12 mole ​​​​
    = 1.05 nmole
    There is some error in options. ​

    Correct Option: E

    Since 60% → 692551 cpm ​​
    So, ​​100% ​= 1154201.67% cpm

    ​​Number of moles of 3H UTP =
    1154201.67 cpm × μ mol
    500 × 2.2 × 106 cpm

    = 1050 × 10–12 mole ​​​​
    = 1.05 nmole
    There is some error in options. ​

  1. Multiplication of genetically identical copies of a cultivar by asexual reproduction is known as








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    By clonal propogation or micropropagation thousands of plants can be produced from a single piece of plant tissue explant. They are genetically identical.

    Correct Option: D

    By clonal propogation or micropropagation thousands of plants can be produced from a single piece of plant tissue explant. They are genetically identical.