Cells are harvested when the cells have reached a population density which suppresses growth. For adherent cultures, we use trypsin or collagenase. Trypsin, collagenase, or pronase, usually in combination with EDTA, causes cells to detach from the growth surface, thereby aiding in harvesting of anchorage dependent animal cells from culture vessels. ​

Correct Option: A

Cells are harvested when the cells have reached a population density which suppresses growth. For adherent cultures, we use trypsin or collagenase. Trypsin, collagenase, or pronase, usually in combination with EDTA, causes cells to detach from the growth surface, thereby aiding in harvesting of anchorage dependent animal cells from culture vessels. ​

In PCR, the template DNA after ‘n’ cycle ​​​​= (original DNA) × 2ⁿ ​​​​
= 400 × 2²⁰ ​​
But, this is amount in 100µl. In 0.1 µl we have,

Correct Option: D

In PCR, the template DNA after ‘n’ cycle ​​​​= (original DNA) × 2ⁿ ​​​​
= 400 × 2²⁰ ​​
But, this is amount in 100µl. In 0.1 µl we have,

⚈ Probiotics are live bacteria that may confer a health benefit on the host. Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) and bifidobacteria are the most common types of microbes used as probiotics. ​​
⚈ ​A xenobiotic is a chemical which is found in an organism but which is not normally produced or expected to be present in it. The term xenobiotics is very often used in the context of pollutants such as dioxins and polychlorinated biphenyls. ​​
⚈ Fructo-oligosaccharide (FOS) and lactulose have been classified as prebiotics. Prebiotics are non-digestible food ingredients that stimulate the growth and/or activity of bacteria in the digestive system in ways claimed to be beneficial to health. ​​
⚈ ​β-Lactam antibiotics (beta-lactam antibiotics) are a broad class of antibiotics, consisting of all antibiotic agents that contains a β-lactam ring in their molecular structures. ​
​

Correct Option: A

⚈ Probiotics are live bacteria that may confer a health benefit on the host. Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) and bifidobacteria are the most common types of microbes used as probiotics. ​​
⚈ ​A xenobiotic is a chemical which is found in an organism but which is not normally produced or expected to be present in it. The term xenobiotics is very often used in the context of pollutants such as dioxins and polychlorinated biphenyls. ​​
⚈ Fructo-oligosaccharide (FOS) and lactulose have been classified as prebiotics. Prebiotics are non-digestible food ingredients that stimulate the growth and/or activity of bacteria in the digestive system in ways claimed to be beneficial to health. ​​
⚈ ​β-Lactam antibiotics (beta-lactam antibiotics) are a broad class of antibiotics, consisting of all antibiotic agents that contains a β-lactam ring in their molecular structures. ​
​

⚈ ​​Dicer is an endoribonuclease in the RNase III family that cleaves double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) and pre-microRNA (miRNA) into short double-stranded RNA fragments about 20-25 base pairs long, with a two-base overhang on the 3’ end. Dicer contains two RNase III domains and one PAZ domain; the distance between these two regions of the molecule is determined by the length and angle of the connector helix and influences the length of the siRNAs it produces. ​​
⚈ Dicer facilitates the formation of the RNA-induced silencing complex (RISC), whose catalytic component argonaute is an endonuclease capable of degrading messenger RNA (mRNA).

Correct Option: B

⚈ ​​Dicer is an endoribonuclease in the RNase III family that cleaves double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) and pre-microRNA (miRNA) into short double-stranded RNA fragments about 20-25 base pairs long, with a two-base overhang on the 3’ end. Dicer contains two RNase III domains and one PAZ domain; the distance between these two regions of the molecule is determined by the length and angle of the connector helix and influences the length of the siRNAs it produces. ​​
⚈ Dicer facilitates the formation of the RNA-induced silencing complex (RISC), whose catalytic component argonaute is an endonuclease capable of degrading messenger RNA (mRNA).

Somatic fusion, also called protoplast fusion through plasma membrane, is a type of genetic modification in plants by which two distinct species of plants are fused together to form a new hybrid plant with the characteristics of both, a somatic hybrid. Hybrids have been produced either between the different varieties of the same species (e.g. between non-flowering potato plants and flowering potato plants) or between two different species (e.g. between wheat triticum and rye secale to produce Triticale).

Correct Option: B

Somatic fusion, also called protoplast fusion through plasma membrane, is a type of genetic modification in plants by which two distinct species of plants are fused together to form a new hybrid plant with the characteristics of both, a somatic hybrid. Hybrids have been produced either between the different varieties of the same species (e.g. between non-flowering potato plants and flowering potato plants) or between two different species (e.g. between wheat triticum and rye secale to produce Triticale).