Alpha, Beta, and Gamma are the three subunits of the G-protein. The active form is the Alpha-GTP complex. The intrinsic GTPase activity converts the bound GTP to GDP in the a - subunit, returning it to its original conformation. This results in the a - subunit diffusing from the adenylate cyclase and reassociating with the b & g subunits. Adenylate cyclase catalyses the conversion of ATP to cAMP which is then used to activate another, initially inactive, enzyme. The mutant G alpha protein with increased GTPase activity shows decreased signaling because of the group of proteins present which are specific to G alpha subunit called the regulator of G protein signaling.

Correct Option: D

Alpha, Beta, and Gamma are the three subunits of the G-protein. The active form is the Alpha-GTP complex. The intrinsic GTPase activity converts the bound GTP to GDP in the a - subunit, returning it to its original conformation. This results in the a - subunit diffusing from the adenylate cyclase and reassociating with the b & g subunits. Adenylate cyclase catalyses the conversion of ATP to cAMP which is then used to activate another, initially inactive, enzyme. The mutant G alpha protein with increased GTPase activity shows decreased signaling because of the group of proteins present which are specific to G alpha subunit called the regulator of G protein signaling.

The cloning sites of the vectors are following: Lambda phage has size of 5-24kb, BACs have size of 5300kb, PACS have size of 100-300kb and Cosmids have size of 35-45kb.

Correct Option: C

The cloning sites of the vectors are following: Lambda phage has size of 5-24kb, BACs have size of 5300kb, PACS have size of 100-300kb and Cosmids have size of 35-45kb.

T4DNA Ligase catalyzes the formation of a phosphodiester bond between juxtaposed 5’-phosphate and 3’-hydroxyl termini in duplex DNA or RNA. The enzyme repairs single-strand nicks in duplex DNA, RNA, or DNA/RNA hybrids. It also joins DNA fragments with either cohesive or blunt termini, but has no activity on single-stranded nucleic acids. It can ligate blunt-ended DNA with much greater efficiency than E. coli DNA ligase. Unlike E. coli DNA ligase, T4DNA ligase cannot utilize NAD and it has an absolute requirement for ATP as a cofactor.
The rates of blunt-end and cohesive-end ligation of DNA by T4DNA ligase are increased by orders of magnitude in the presence of high concentrations of a variety of nonspecific polymers such as polyethylene glycol, Ficoll, bovine plasma albumin, or glycogen. Blunt-end ligation of small self-complementary oligodeoxyribonucleotides is also stimulated.

Correct Option: B

T4DNA Ligase catalyzes the formation of a phosphodiester bond between juxtaposed 5’-phosphate and 3’-hydroxyl termini in duplex DNA or RNA. The enzyme repairs single-strand nicks in duplex DNA, RNA, or DNA/RNA hybrids. It also joins DNA fragments with either cohesive or blunt termini, but has no activity on single-stranded nucleic acids. It can ligate blunt-ended DNA with much greater efficiency than E. coli DNA ligase. Unlike E. coli DNA ligase, T4DNA ligase cannot utilize NAD and it has an absolute requirement for ATP as a cofactor.
The rates of blunt-end and cohesive-end ligation of DNA by T4DNA ligase are increased by orders of magnitude in the presence of high concentrations of a variety of nonspecific polymers such as polyethylene glycol, Ficoll, bovine plasma albumin, or glycogen. Blunt-end ligation of small self-complementary oligodeoxyribonucleotides is also stimulated.

Patatin class- I promoter is a tissue specific potato promoter which expresses the potato gene mainly in tuber.
Phaseollin is a promoter for cotyledon tissue.
Genes encoding High Molecular Weight (HMW) glutenin, a wheat seed storage protein, is expressed in developing endosperm.
Alpha amylase is a promoter for aleurone tissue.

Correct Option: A

Patatin class- I promoter is a tissue specific potato promoter which expresses the potato gene mainly in tuber.
Phaseollin is a promoter for cotyledon tissue.
Genes encoding High Molecular Weight (HMW) glutenin, a wheat seed storage protein, is expressed in developing endosperm.
Alpha amylase is a promoter for aleurone tissue.

Fibronectin is a glycoprotein that can act as general cell adhesion molecule by anchoring cells to collagen or proteoglycan substrates. Insulin is a hormone, produced by beta cells of the pancreas, and is central to regulating carbohydrate and fat metabolism in the body Insulin is a hormone that has profound effects on metabolism. alpha-2-Macroglobulin,is a large plasma protein found in the blood. It inhibits the thrombin action at the time of couagulation by blocking trypsin enzyme. Transferrins is a iron binding glycoprotein.

Correct Option: D

Fibronectin is a glycoprotein that can act as general cell adhesion molecule by anchoring cells to collagen or proteoglycan substrates. Insulin is a hormone, produced by beta cells of the pancreas, and is central to regulating carbohydrate and fat metabolism in the body Insulin is a hormone that has profound effects on metabolism. alpha-2-Macroglobulin,is a large plasma protein found in the blood. It inhibits the thrombin action at the time of couagulation by blocking trypsin enzyme. Transferrins is a iron binding glycoprotein.