Gentrification is the buying and renovation of houses and stores in deteriorated urban neighborhoods by wealthier individuals, which in effect improves property values but also can displace low-income families and small businesses. This is a common and widespread controversial topic and term in urban planning. It refers to shifts in an urban community lifestyle and an increasing share of wealthier residents and/or businesses and increasing property values.
Urban sprawl is the spreading of a city or its suburbs. It often involves the construction of residential and commercial buildings in rural areas or otherwise undeveloped land at the outskirts of a city. Most residents of typical sprawl neighborhoods live in single-family homes and commute by car to their jobs in the city. Concerns over this phenomenon and its consequences have been raised and largely focus on negative consequences for residents and the local environment. On the other hand, some argue that it illustrates positive growth of a local economy.
Satellite town or satellite city is a concept in urban planning that refers essentially to smaller metropolitan areas which are located somewhat near to, but are mostly independent of larger metropolitan areas.

Correct Option: D

Gentrification is the buying and renovation of houses and stores in deteriorated urban neighborhoods by wealthier individuals, which in effect improves property values but also can displace low-income families and small businesses. This is a common and widespread controversial topic and term in urban planning. It refers to shifts in an urban community lifestyle and an increasing share of wealthier residents and/or businesses and increasing property values.
Urban sprawl is the spreading of a city or its suburbs. It often involves the construction of residential and commercial buildings in rural areas or otherwise undeveloped land at the outskirts of a city. Most residents of typical sprawl neighborhoods live in single-family homes and commute by car to their jobs in the city. Concerns over this phenomenon and its consequences have been raised and largely focus on negative consequences for residents and the local environment. On the other hand, some argue that it illustrates positive growth of a local economy.
Satellite town or satellite city is a concept in urban planning that refers essentially to smaller metropolitan areas which are located somewhat near to, but are mostly independent of larger metropolitan areas.

PMGSY and JNNURM are two Indian Government programmes which deal with rural road development and urban basic service improvement respectively.
Pradhan Mantri Gram Sadak Yojana (PMGSY) was launched on 25th December 2000 as a fully funded Centrally Sponsored Scheme to provide all weather road connectivity in rural areas of the country. The programme envisages connecting all habitations with a population of 500 persons and above in the plain areas and 250 persons and above in hill States, the tribal and the desert areas.
(JnNURM) is a massive city-modernisation scheme launched in 2005 which relates primarily to development in the context of urban conglomerates focusing to the Indian cities. JnNURM aims at creating 'economically productive, efficient, equitable and responsive Cities' by a strategy of upgrading the social and economic infrastructure in cities, provision of Basic Services to Urban Poor (BSUP) and wider anging ur ban sector reforms to strengthen municipal governance in accordance with the 74th Constitutional Amendment Act, 1992.

Correct Option: A

PMGSY and JNNURM are two Indian Government programmes which deal with rural road development and urban basic service improvement respectively.
Pradhan Mantri Gram Sadak Yojana (PMGSY) was launched on 25th December 2000 as a fully funded Centrally Sponsored Scheme to provide all weather road connectivity in rural areas of the country. The programme envisages connecting all habitations with a population of 500 persons and above in the plain areas and 250 persons and above in hill States, the tribal and the desert areas.
(JnNURM) is a massive city-modernisation scheme launched in 2005 which relates primarily to development in the context of urban conglomerates focusing to the Indian cities. JnNURM aims at creating 'economically productive, efficient, equitable and responsive Cities' by a strategy of upgrading the social and economic infrastructure in cities, provision of Basic Services to Urban Poor (BSUP) and wider anging ur ban sector reforms to strengthen municipal governance in accordance with the 74th Constitutional Amendment Act, 1992.

Non Motorized Transit - Mass Transit - Paratransit - Public Transit

Correct Option: D

Non Motorized Transit - Mass Transit - Paratransit - Public Transit

P-3, Q-1, R-2, S-4

Correct Option: D

P-3, Q-1, R-2, S-4

P-2, Q-4, R-1, S-5
Scaffolding is a temporary platform constructed for reaching heights above arms' reach for the purpose of building construction, maintenance, or repair. It is usually made of lumber and steel and can range from simple to complex in design, depending on its use and purpose.
Formwork is another term for shuttering. Formwork is a structure, usually temporary, used to contain poured concrete and to mould it to the required dimensions and support until it is able to support itself. It consists primarily of the face contact material and the bearers that directly
Shoring is a general term used in construction to describe the process of supporting a structure in order to prevent collapse so that construction can proceed. It can be done with the help of shores or props.
They can be used under the following circumstances :
1. When walls bulge out
2. When walls crack due to unequal settlement of foundation and repairs are to be carried out to the cracked wall.
3. When an adjacent structure needs pulling down.
4. When openings are to be newly made or enlarged in a wall.
Underpinning is a method used t o increase foundation depth or repairing faulty foundations. This might be the case if you plan to add stories to an existing structure or when the foundation has been damaged. One visible sign that a building needs underpinning are cracks appearance. When a building needs a foundation repair some cracks, especially wider than ¼ inch appear visible, meaning than an underpinning needs to be done.
Foundation failures could also be considered as heaved foundations, cracked or buckled walls and cracked concrete floors.

Correct Option: A

P-2, Q-4, R-1, S-5
Scaffolding is a temporary platform constructed for reaching heights above arms' reach for the purpose of building construction, maintenance, or repair. It is usually made of lumber and steel and can range from simple to complex in design, depending on its use and purpose.
Formwork is another term for shuttering. Formwork is a structure, usually temporary, used to contain poured concrete and to mould it to the required dimensions and support until it is able to support itself. It consists primarily of the face contact material and the bearers that directly
Shoring is a general term used in construction to describe the process of supporting a structure in order to prevent collapse so that construction can proceed. It can be done with the help of shores or props.
They can be used under the following circumstances :
1. When walls bulge out
2. When walls crack due to unequal settlement of foundation and repairs are to be carried out to the cracked wall.
3. When an adjacent structure needs pulling down.
4. When openings are to be newly made or enlarged in a wall.
Underpinning is a method used t o increase foundation depth or repairing faulty foundations. This might be the case if you plan to add stories to an existing structure or when the foundation has been damaged. One visible sign that a building needs underpinning are cracks appearance. When a building needs a foundation repair some cracks, especially wider than ¼ inch appear visible, meaning than an underpinning needs to be done.
Foundation failures could also be considered as heaved foundations, cracked or buckled walls and cracked concrete floors.