Signal and systems miscellaneous
- The Fourier transform of a double-sided exponential signal x(t) = e– b|t|
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Fourier transform of signal x(t) is given as
x(jω) = ∫∞– ∞ x(t) e– jωt dt
or x(jω) = ∫∞– ∞ e– b|t| .e– jωt dt
x(jω) = ∫0– ∞ ebt.e– jωt dt + ∫∞0 ebt.e– jωt dtor x(jω) = e(b – jω)t 0 + e– (b + jω)t ∞ b – jω – ∞ – (b + jω) 0 or x(jω) = 1 + 1 b – jω jω + b or x(jω) = 2b b2 + ω2
Hence, alternative (A) is the correct choice.Correct Option: A
Fourier transform of signal x(t) is given as
x(jω) = ∫∞– ∞ x(t) e– jωt dt
or x(jω) = ∫∞– ∞ e– b|t| .e– jωt dt
x(jω) = ∫0– ∞ ebt.e– jωt dt + ∫∞0 ebt.e– jωt dtor x(jω) = e(b – jω)t 0 + e– (b + jω)t ∞ b – jω – ∞ – (b + jω) 0 or x(jω) = 1 + 1 b – jω jω + b or x(jω) = 2b b2 + ω2
Hence, alternative (A) is the correct choice.
- The stationary process has—
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Stationary processes are those for which ensemble average is independent to time average i.e.,
E[x(t1)] = E[x(t2)] = …… = E[x(t)]
Hence, alternative (D) is the correct choice.Correct Option: D
Stationary processes are those for which ensemble average is independent to time average i.e.,
E[x(t1)] = E[x(t2)] = …… = E[x(t)]
Hence, alternative (D) is the correct choice.
- The discrete time system described by y(n) = x(n2) is—
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Given discrete time system
y(n) = x(n2)
The order to solve such type of problems, check causality, linearity and time invariant one by one The given system
● y(n) = x(n2) is non-causal
Because for any negative value of n the output goes to future. For example:
y(– 2) = x(– 2)2 = x(4)
i.e., non-causal system
● y(n) = x(n2)
To check linearity let a1 and a2 are the weights added to the input and H[x(n2)] = y (n) is the response of a discrete-time system.
Since, H[a1x1(n2) + a2x2(n2)]
= a1H[x1(n2)] + a2H[x2(n2)]
Hence, the given system is linear.
● For a system to be time invariant time delay of the input signal leads to an identical time shifts in the input signal.
Let y1(n) = x1(n2)
Consider input obtained by shifting x1(n) by time, n0
i.e., x1(n) = x1(n – n0)2
or y2(n) = x2(n2) = x1(n – n0)2 …(A)
Similarly, when output changes by same amount n0.
y1(n – n0) = x1(n – n0)2 …(B)
From equations (A) and (B)
y1(n – n0) = y2(n)
Therefore, this system is time invariant.
Hence, alternative (C) is the correct answer.Correct Option: C
Given discrete time system
y(n) = x(n2)
The order to solve such type of problems, check causality, linearity and time invariant one by one The given system
● y(n) = x(n2) is non-causal
Because for any negative value of n the output goes to future. For example:
y(– 2) = x(– 2)2 = x(4)
i.e., non-causal system
● y(n) = x(n2)
To check linearity let a1 and a2 are the weights added to the input and H[x(n2)] = y (n) is the response of a discrete-time system.
Since, H[a1x1(n2) + a2x2(n2)]
= a1H[x1(n2)] + a2H[x2(n2)]
Hence, the given system is linear.
● For a system to be time invariant time delay of the input signal leads to an identical time shifts in the input signal.
Let y1(n) = x1(n2)
Consider input obtained by shifting x1(n) by time, n0
i.e., x1(n) = x1(n – n0)2
or y2(n) = x2(n2) = x1(n – n0)2 …(A)
Similarly, when output changes by same amount n0.
y1(n – n0) = x1(n – n0)2 …(B)
From equations (A) and (B)
y1(n – n0) = y2(n)
Therefore, this system is time invariant.
Hence, alternative (C) is the correct answer.
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For signal x(n) = 6 cos 2πn the signal power is— 4
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Given that, x(n) = 6 cos 2πn 4 Here, N = 2π · m = 2π · 1 = 4 Ω 2π 4
at n = 0⇒ x(0) = 6 cos 2π · 0 = 6 4
at n = 1⇒ x(0) = 6 cos 2π · 1 = 6 x 0 = 0 4
at n = 2⇒ x(0) = 6 cos 2π · 2 = - 6 4
at n = 3⇒ x(0) = 6 cos 2π · 3 = 6 x 0 = 0 4
As we know that power of discrete time periodic signal is given by the relationN - 1 P = 1/N ∑ |x(n)|2 n = 0 3 = 1/4 ∑ |x(n)|2 n = 0 = 1 [x(0)|2 + |x(1)|2 + |x(2)|2 + |x(3)|2 ] 4 = 1 [(6)2 + (0)2 + (– 6)2 + (0)2 ] 4 = 1 [36 + 0 + 36 + 0] 4
= 72 4 = 18 watts.
Hence, alternative (B) is the correct choice.Correct Option: B
Given that, x(n) = 6 cos 2πn 4 Here, N = 2π · m = 2π · 1 = 4 Ω 2π 4
at n = 0⇒ x(0) = 6 cos 2π · 0 = 6 4
at n = 1⇒ x(0) = 6 cos 2π · 1 = 6 x 0 = 0 4
at n = 2⇒ x(0) = 6 cos 2π · 2 = - 6 4
at n = 3⇒ x(0) = 6 cos 2π · 3 = 6 x 0 = 0 4
As we know that power of discrete time periodic signal is given by the relationN - 1 P = 1/N ∑ |x(n)|2 n = 0 3 = 1/4 ∑ |x(n)|2 n = 0 = 1 [x(0)|2 + |x(1)|2 + |x(2)|2 + |x(3)|2 ] 4 = 1 [(6)2 + (0)2 + (– 6)2 + (0)2 ] 4 = 1 [36 + 0 + 36 + 0] 4
= 72 4 = 18 watts.
Hence, alternative (B) is the correct choice.
- The signal x(t) = A cos (ω0t + φ)
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Since, the given signal
x(t) = A cos (ω0t + φ) is periodic signal.
Hence, the given signal is power signal.Correct Option: B
Since, the given signal
x(t) = A cos (ω0t + φ) is periodic signal.
Hence, the given signal is power signal.