Probability


  1. If one rolls a fair sides die twice, what is the probability that the die will land on the same number on both the occasions ?









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    Let E = Event of getting same number on both the occasions
    = (1, 1), (2, 2), (3, 3), (4, 4), (5, 5), (6, 6)

    Correct Option: B

    Let E = Event of getting same number on both the occasions
    = (1, 1), (2, 2), (3, 3), (4, 4), (5, 5), (6, 6)
    ∴ n(E) = 6
    ∴ Required probability = 6/62 = 1/6


  1. One hundred identical coins each with probability p of showing up head are tossed. If 0 < p < 1 and the probability of heads showing on 50 coins is equals to that of heads on 51 coins. Then the value of p, is ?









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    Let N be the number of coins showing heads.
    ∴ Probability when N equal to 50 = Probability when N equal to 51
    100C50 x P 50 x (1 - p)50 = 100C51 x (1 - p)49

    Correct Option: D

    Let N be the number of coins showing heads.
    ∴ Probability when N equal to 50 = Probability when N equal to 51
    100C50 x P 50 x (1 - p)50 = 100C51 x (1 - p)49
    ⇒ p = 51/101



  1. Four whole number taken at random are multiplied together. The chance that the last digit in the product is 1, 3, 7, or 9 is ?









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    If the product of the four numbers ends in one of the digits 1, 3, 7 or 9, each number should have the last digit as one of these 4 digits.
    ∴ The number of favourable cases = 44
    Total number of all possible cases = 104

    Correct Option: A

    If the product of the four numbers ends in one of the digits 1, 3, 7 or 9, each number should have the last digit as one of these 4 digits.
    ∴ The number of favourable cases = 44
    Total number of all possible cases = 104
    Hence, the required probability =44/104
    = 24/54 = 16/625


  1. What is the probability that a card drawn at random from a pack of 52 cards is either a king or a spade?









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    Required probability
    = 3/52 + 13/52 = 16/52 =4/13

    Correct Option: B

    Required probability = 3/52 + 13/52 = 16/52 =4/13
    [Hint Why 13/52 because there are 13 spades and why 3/52 instead of 4/52 (there are four kings) because one king is already counted in spades.]



  1. A card is drawn from a well-shuffled pack of cards. The probability of getting a queen of club or a king of heart is ?









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    Total ways = 52
    There is one queen of club and one king of heart.
    ∴ Favorable ways = 1 + 1 = 2

    Correct Option: B

    Total ways = 52
    There is one queen of club and one king of heart.
    ∴ Favorable ways = 1 + 1 = 2
    ∴ Required probability = 2/52 = 1/26