Syllogism
Direction: In the following questions, two statements are given followed by four/two conclusions I, II, III & IV. You have to consider two statements to be true even if they seem to be at variance from commonly known facts. You have to decide which of the given conclusions, if any, follow from the given statements.
- Statements:
(1) All men are employed.
(2) No employees are professionals.
Conclusions:
I. No men are unemployed.
II. No men are professionals.
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First Premise is Universal Affirmative (A-type).
Second Premise is Universal Negative (E-type).
All men are employed. ↔ No employees are professionals.Correct Option: B
First Premise is Universal Affirmative (A-type).
Second Premise is Universal Negative (E-type).
All men are employed. ↔ No employees are professionals.
A + E ⇒ E-type of Conclusion. ‘‘No man is professional.’’
This is Conclusion II.
Direction: In each of the following questions, two statements are given followed by conclusions/ inferences. You have to consider the statement to be true, even if it seems to be at variance from commonly known facts. You are to decide which of the given conclusions /inferences can definitely be drawn from the given statement. Indicate your answer.
- Statements:
(I) Some students are intelligent.
(II) Ankita is a student.
Conclusions:
1. Some students are dull.
2. Ankita is an intelligent.
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Some students are intelligent, i.e., all students are not intelligents.
Correct Option: D
Some students are intelligent, i.e., all students are not intelligents. So, Ankita may or may not be intelligent.
Direction: In each of the question below are Four statements following by Four conclusions numbered I, II, II and IV. You have to take the Four given statements to be true even if they seem to be at variance with commonly known facts and then decide which of the given conclusion logically follows from the two statements disregarding commonly known fact.
- Statement:
Some roses are flowers. Some flowers are buds. All buds are leaves. All leaves are plants.
Conclusions:
I. Some plants are flowers.
II. Some roses are buds.
III. No leaves are roses.
IV. No roses are buds.
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Some flowers are buds + All buds are leaves + All leaves are plants = (I + A) + A = I = Some flowers are plants → conversion → Some plants are flowers (I). Hence I followers. Some roses are flowers + Some flowers are buds = I + I = No conclusion Hence II and IV do not follow by combination. Nor can III follow. However, II and IV form a complementary I-E pair, Hence either II or IV follows.
Correct Option: C
Some flowers are buds + All buds are leaves + All leaves are plants = (I + A) + A = I = Some flowers are plants → conversion → Some plants are flowers (I). Hence I followers. Some roses are flowers + Some flowers are buds = I + I = No conclusion Hence II and IV do not follow by combination. Nor can III follow. However, II and IV form a complementary I-E pair, Hence either II or IV follows.
- Statement:
All belts are rollers. Some rollers are wheels. All wheels are mats.
Some mats are cars.
Conclusions:
I. Some mats are rollers.
II. Some mats are belts.
III. Some cars are rollers.
IV. Some rollers are belts.
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Some rollers are wheels + All wheels are mats = I + A = I = Some rollers are mats → conversion → Some mats are rollers (I) Hence I follows. Some rollers are mats + Some mats are cars = I + I = No conclusion Hence III does not follow. All belts are rollers (A) → conversion → Some rollers are belts(I) Hence IV follows. All belts are rollers + Some rollers are mats = I + A = No conclusion Hence II does not follow.
Correct Option: C
Some rollers are wheels + All wheels are mats = I + A = I = Some rollers are mats → conversion → Some mats are rollers (I) Hence I follows. Some rollers are mats + Some mats are cars = I + I = No conclusion Hence III does not follow. All belts are rollers (A) → conversion → Some rollers are belts(I) Hence IV follows. All belts are rollers + Some rollers are mats = I + A = No conclusion Hence II does not follow.
- Statement:
Some papers are lamps. Some lamps are bulbs. Some bulbs are tube. Some tubes are walls.
Conclusions:
I. Some walls are lamps.
II. Some bulbs are papers.
III. Some tubes are lamps.
IV. Some walls are papers.
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I-type statements can't be combined.
Correct Option: E
I-type statements can't be combined.
