Syllogism
Direction: In each of the question below are Four statements following by Four conclusions numbered I, II, II and IV. You have to take the Four given statements to be true even if they seem to be at variance with commonly known facts and then decide which of the given conclusion logically follows from the two statements disregarding commonly known fact.
- Statement:
Some spoons are forks. Some forks are bowls. All bowls are plates. Some plates are utensils.
Conclusions:
I. Some utensils are forks.
II. Some plates are forks.
III. Some plates are spoon.
IV. Some utensils are spoons.
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Some forks are bowls + All bowls are plates = I + A = I = Some forks are plates → conversion → Some plates are forks(I). Hence II follows. Some forks are plates + Some plates are utensils = I + I = No conclusion Hence I does not follow. Some spoons are forks + Some forks are plates = I + I = NO conclusion Hence III and IV do not follow.
Correct Option: B
Some forks are bowls + All bowls are plates = I + A = I = Some forks are plates → conversion → Some plates are forks(I). Hence II follows. Some forks are plates + Some plates are utensils = I + I = No conclusion Hence I does not follow. Some spoons are forks + Some forks are plates = I + I = NO conclusion Hence III and IV do not follow.
- Statement:
Some doors are walls. All walls are floors. All floors are rooms. Some rooms are windows.
Conclusions:
I. All walls are rooms.
II. Some rooms are doors.
III. Some rooms are doors.
IV. Some floors are doors.
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All walls are floors + All floors are rooms = A + A = A = All walls are rooms Hence I follows. Some doors are walls + All walls are floors = I + A = I = Some doors are rooms → conversion → Some rooms are doors (I). Hence II follows. Conversion of gives us III. Some doors are walls + All walls are floors = I + A = I = Some doors (I) Hence IV follows.
Correct Option: D
All walls are floors + All floors are rooms = A + A = A = All walls are rooms Hence I follows. Some doors are walls + All walls are floors = I + A = I = Some doors are rooms → conversion → Some rooms are doors (I). Hence II follows. Conversion of gives us III. Some doors are walls + All walls are floors = I + A = I = Some doors (I) Hence IV follows.
- Statement:
Some grapes are apples. Some apples are bananas . All bananas are guavas.
No guava is pomegranates.
Conclusions:
I. No grapes are pomegranates.
II. Some guavas are grapes.
III. Some guavas are apples.
IV. No bananas are pomegranates.
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Some grapes are apples + Some apples are bananas = I + I = No conclusion So we can't move any further for ' grape' and this rules out I and II. Some apples are banana + All banana are guava = I + A = I = Some apples are guavas → conversion → Some guavas are apples (I). Hence III follows All bananas are guavas + No guava is pomegranates. Hence IV follows.
Correct Option: D
Some grapes are apples + Some apples are bananas = I + I = No conclusion So we can't move any further for ' grape' and this rules out I and II. Some apples are banana + All banana are guava = I + A = I = Some apples are guavas → conversion → Some guavas are apples (I). Hence III follows All bananas are guavas + No guava is pomegranates. Hence IV follows.
- Statement:
Some tyres are rains.
Some rains are flowers.
All flowers are jungles.
All jungles are tubes.
Conclusions:
I. Some jungles are tyres.
II. Some tubes are rains.
III. Some jungles are rains.
IV. Some tubes are flowers.
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All flowers are jungles + All jungles are tubes = A + A = A = All flowers are tubes → conversion → Some tubes are flowers (I) Hence Iv follows. Some rains are flowers + All flowers are tubes = I + A = I = Some rains are tubes → conversion → Some tubes are rains (I) Hence II follows. Some rains are flowers + All flowers are jungles = I + A = I = Some rains are jungles → conversion → Some jungles are rains (I) Hence III follows. Some tyres are rains + Some rains are jungles = A + I = No conclusion Hence I does not follow.
Correct Option: B
All flowers are jungles + All jungles are tubes = A + A = A = All flowers are tubes → conversion → Some tubes are flowers (I) Hence Iv follows. Some rains are flowers + All flowers are tubes = I + A = I = Some rains are tubes → conversion → Some tubes are rains (I) Hence II follows. Some rains are flowers + All flowers are jungles = I + A = I = Some rains are jungles → conversion → Some jungles are rains (I) Hence III follows. Some tyres are rains + Some rains are jungles = A + I = No conclusion Hence I does not follow.
- Statement:
All chairs are tables. All tables are cushions. Some cushions are trolleys. All trolleys are lamps.
Conclusions:
I. Some lamps are tables.
II. Some trolleys are chairs.
III. Some cushions are lamps.
IV. All chairs are cushions.
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Some cushions are trolleys + All trolleys are lamps = I + A = I = Some cushions are lamps Hence III follows. All chairs are tables + All tables are cushions = A + A = A = All chairs are cushions Hence IV follows All tables are cushions + Some cushions are trolleys = A + I = No conclusion Hence I does not follow. All chairs are cushions + Some cushions are trolleys = A + I = No conclusion Hence II does not follow.
Correct Option: B
Some cushions are trolleys + All trolleys are lamps = I + A = I = Some cushions are lamps Hence III follows. All chairs are tables + All tables are cushions = A + A = A = All chairs are cushions Hence IV follows All tables are cushions + Some cushions are trolleys = A + I = No conclusion Hence I does not follow. All chairs are cushions + Some cushions are trolleys = A + I = No conclusion Hence II does not follow.
