Syllogism


Direction: In each of the following questions, one/two statements are given followed by two conclusions/assumptions, I and II. You have to consider the statements to be true, even if they seem to be at variance from commonly known facts. You are to decide which of the given conclusions/assumptions can definitely be drawn from the given statements. Indicate your answer.

  1. Statements
    All cows are animals.
    All deers are cows.
    Conclusions
    I. All deers are animals.
    II. All animals are cows.









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    Both the Premises are Universal Affirmative (A-type).
    All deers are cows. ↔ All cows are animals.

    Correct Option: A

    Both the Premises are Universal Affirmative (A-type).
    All deers are cows. ↔ All cows are animals.
    A + A ⇒ A-type of Conclusion “All deers are animals”
    This is Conclusion I.


Direction: Two statements are given followed by two conclusions I and II. You have to consider the statements to be true even if they seem to be at variance from commonly known facts. You are to decide which of the given conclusions, if any, follow from the given statements. Indicate your answer.

  1. Statements:
    All Americans are English – speaking.
    No Eskimos are English – speaking
    Conclusions:
    I. No Eskimos are Americans.
    II. No English – speakers are Eskimos.









  1. View Hint View Answer Discuss in Forum

    First Premise is Universal Affirmative (A-type).
    Second Premise is Universal Negative (E-type).
    All Americans are English-speaking. ↔ No English-speaking are Eskimos.

    Correct Option: D

    First Premise is Universal Affirmative (A-type).
    Second Premise is Universal Negative (E-type).
    All Americans are English-speaking. ↔ No English-speaking are Eskimos.
    A + E ⇒ E-type of Conclusion “No American is Eskimo.”
    Conclusion I is Converse of it.
    Conclusion II is Converse of the second Premise.



Direction: Some statements are given followed by three conclusions I, II and III. You have to consider the statements to be true, even if they seem to be at variance from commonly known facts. You have to decide which of the given conclusions if any, follow from the given statements. Indicate your answer.

  1. Statements:
    All chickens are birds.
    Some chickens are hens.
    Female birds lay eggs.
    Conclusions:
    I. All birds lay eggs.
    II. Some hens are birds.
    III. Some chickens are not hens.









  1. View Hint View Answer Discuss in Forum

    First Premise is Universal Affirmative (A-type).
    Second Premise is Particular Affirmative (I-type).
    Some hens are chickens. ↔ All chickens are birds.

    Correct Option: D

    First Premise is Universal Affirmative (A-type).
    Second Premise is Particular Affirmative (I-type).
    Some hens are chickens. ↔ All chickens are birds.
    I + A ⇒ I – type of Conclusion “Some hens are birds.”
    This is Conclusion II.


Direction: In each of the following questions, one or two statements is/are given followed by two conclusions I and II. You have to consider the statement to be true, even if it seems to be at variance from commonly known facts. You are to decide which of the given conclusions can definitely be drawn from the given statement. Indicate your answer.

  1. Statement:
    Cactus plants are fleshy but need least water.
    Conclusions:
    I. All fleshy plants are cactus.
    II. Cactus plants need least water.









  1. View Hint View Answer Discuss in Forum

    Cactus plants are fleshy.
    And, Cactus plants need least water.

    Correct Option: B

    Cactus plants are fleshy.
    And, Cactus plants need least water.
    Therefore, only Conclusion II follows.
    The Converse of Universal Affirmative Premises is Particular Affirmative Premise.



Direction: Two statements are given followed by two conclusions I and II. You have to consider the statements to be true, even if it seems to be at variance from commonly known facts. You are to decide which of the given conclusions can definitely be drawn from the given statements. Indicate your answer.

  1. Statements:
    Some scales are pencils.
    Some erasers are pencils.
    Conclusions:
    I. Some pencils are erasers.
    II. Some pencils are scales.









  1. View Hint View Answer Discuss in Forum

    Both the Premises are Particular Affirmative (I-type).
    No Conclusion follows from the two Particular Premises.

    Correct Option: C

    Both the Premises are Particular Affirmative (I-type).
    No Conclusion follows from the two Particular Premises.
    Conclusion I is Converse of the second Premise.
    Conclusion II is Converse of the first Premise.