Syllogism
Direction: In each of the question below are Four statements following by Four conclusions numbered I, II, II and IV. You have to take the Four given statements to be true even if they seem to be at variance with commonly known facts and then decide which of the given conclusion logically follows from the two statements disregarding commonly known fact.
- Statement:
All papers are bottles. All bottles are cups. Some cups are jugs.
Some jugs are plates.
Conclusions:
I. Some plates are cups.
II. Some plats are bottle.
III. Some cups are papers.
IV. Some bottles are papers.
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Some cups are jugs + Some jugs are plates. = I + I = No conclusion Hence I does not follow. Nor does II follow All papers are bottles + All bottles are cups = A + A = A = All papers are cups → conversion → Some cups are papers(I) Hence III follows. All papers are bottles (A) → conversion → Some bottle are papers (I) Hence IV follows.
Correct Option: A
Some cups are jugs + Some jugs are plates. = I + I = No conclusion Hence I does not follow. Nor does II follow All papers are bottles + All bottles are cups = A + A = A = All papers are cups → conversion → Some cups are papers(I) Hence III follows. All papers are bottles (A) → conversion → Some bottle are papers (I) Hence IV follows.
- Statement:
Some birds are goats. Some goats are horses. Some horses are lions.
Some lions are tigers.
Conclusions:
I. Some tigers are goats.
II. No tiger is goat.
III. Some lions are birds.
IV. No lion is bird.
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I- type statements can't be combined. However, II and II from a complementary I-E pair. So do III and IV Hence either I or II and either III or IV follows.
Correct Option: C
I- type statements can't be combined. However, II and II from a complementary I-E pair. So do III and IV Hence either I or II and either III or IV follows.
- Statement:
All desks are chairs.
All chairs are tables.
All tables are boxes.
All boxes are trunks
Conclusions:
I. Some trunks are tables.
II. All chairs are boxes.
III. Some boxes are desks.
IV. All desks are trunks.
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All tables are boxes + All boxes are trunks = A + A = A = All tables are → trunks → conversion Some trunks are tables (I) Hence I follows. All chairs are tables + All tables are boxes = A + A = A = All chairs are boxes Hence II follows. All desks are chairs + All chairs are boxes = A + A = A = All desks are boxes → conversion → some boxes are desks (I) Hence III follows. All desks are boxes + All boxes are trunks = A + A = A = All desks are trunks Hence IV follows.
Correct Option: D
All tables are boxes + All boxes are trunks = A + A = A = All tables are → trunks → conversion Some trunks are tables (I) Hence I follows. All chairs are tables + All tables are boxes = A + A = A = All chairs are boxes Hence II follows. All desks are chairs + All chairs are boxes = A + A = A = All desks are boxes → conversion → some boxes are desks (I) Hence III follows. All desks are boxes + All boxes are trunks = A + A = A = All desks are trunks Hence IV follows.
