The Montagu-Chelmsford Reforms were reforms introduced by the British Government in India to introduce self-governing institutions gradually to India. The reforms take their name from Edwin Samuel Montagu, the Secretary of State for India during the latter parts of World War I and Lord Chelmsford, Viceroy of India between 1916 and 1921. The reforms were outlined in the Montagu-Chelmsford Report prepared in 1918 and formed the basis of the Government of India Act 1919.

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The Montagu-Chelmsford Reforms were reforms introduced by the British Government in India to introduce self-governing institutions gradually to India. The reforms take their name from Edwin Samuel Montagu, the Secretary of State for India during the latter parts of World War I and Lord Chelmsford, Viceroy of India between 1916 and 1921. The reforms were outlined in the Montagu-Chelmsford Report prepared in 1918 and formed the basis of the Government of India Act 1919.

The Treaty of Amritsar was signed on March 16, 1846, to settle a dispute over territory in Kashmir after the First Sikh War with the United Kingdom, ceding some land to Maharaja Gulab Singh Dogra. The Treaty of Bassein (Now called Vasai) was a pact signed on December 31, 1802 between the British East India Company and Baji Rao II, the Maratha Peshwa of Pune (Poona) in India after the Battle of Poona. The Third Mysore War ended with the Treaty of Srirangapatnam concluded between Mysore and the English in 1792. The Treaty of Salbai was signed on May 17, 1782, by representatives of the Maratha Empire and the British East India Company after long negotiations to settle the outcome of the First AngloMaratha War.

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The Treaty of Amritsar was signed on March 16, 1846, to settle a dispute over territory in Kashmir after the First Sikh War with the United Kingdom, ceding some land to Maharaja Gulab Singh Dogra. The Treaty of Bassein (Now called Vasai) was a pact signed on December 31, 1802 between the British East India Company and Baji Rao II, the Maratha Peshwa of Pune (Poona) in India after the Battle of Poona. The Third Mysore War ended with the Treaty of Srirangapatnam concluded between Mysore and the English in 1792. The Treaty of Salbai was signed on May 17, 1782, by representatives of the Maratha Empire and the British East India Company after long negotiations to settle the outcome of the First AngloMaratha War.

Muhammad Ali Jinnah died at age 71 in September 1948, just over a year after Pakistan gained independence from the British Raj. He died from tuberculosis.

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Muhammad Ali Jinnah died at age 71 in September 1948, just over a year after Pakistan gained independence from the British Raj. He died from tuberculosis.

The doctrine of the subsidiary alliance was introduced by Marquess Wellesley, British Governor-General of India from 1798 to 1805. Lord Curzon after becoming the governor general of India sought to introduce the reforms in all fields of administration and also in education. In September 1901, Curzon summoned the highest educational officers of the Government throughout India and representatives of universities at a round table Conference at Shimla. The Conference adopted 150 resolutions which touched almost every conceivable branch of education. This was followed by the appointment of a Commission under the presidency of Sir Thomas Raleigh on 27 January, 1902 to inquire into the condition and prospects of universities in India and to recommend proposals for improving their constitution and working. As a result of the report of the recommendations of the Commission the Indian Universities Act was passed in 1904. The Doctrine of Lapse was an annexation policy purportedly devised by Lord Dalhousie, who was the Governor General for the East India Company in India between 1848 and 1856. The Dual Government of Bengal was a double system of administration, which was introduced by Robert Clive. The British East India Company obtained the actual power; whereas the responsibility and charge of administration was entrusted to the Nawab of Bengal.

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The doctrine of the subsidiary alliance was introduced by Marquess Wellesley, British Governor-General of India from 1798 to 1805. Lord Curzon after becoming the governor general of India sought to introduce the reforms in all fields of administration and also in education. In September 1901, Curzon summoned the highest educational officers of the Government throughout India and representatives of universities at a round table Conference at Shimla. The Conference adopted 150 resolutions which touched almost every conceivable branch of education. This was followed by the appointment of a Commission under the presidency of Sir Thomas Raleigh on 27 January, 1902 to inquire into the condition and prospects of universities in India and to recommend proposals for improving their constitution and working. As a result of the report of the recommendations of the Commission the Indian Universities Act was passed in 1904. The Doctrine of Lapse was an annexation policy purportedly devised by Lord Dalhousie, who was the Governor General for the East India Company in India between 1848 and 1856. The Dual Government of Bengal was a double system of administration, which was introduced by Robert Clive. The British East India Company obtained the actual power; whereas the responsibility and charge of administration was entrusted to the Nawab of Bengal.

The Marquis of Dalhousie, the new governor-general, who arrived in India in January 1848 scarcely approved of Hardinge’s “annexation without encumbrances. “ In April 1848 Diwan Mul Raj’s revolt at Multan opened the prospect of a fresh war in the Punjab. On the very day (4 May) Dalhousie received Resident Frederick Currie’s report of the incident at Multan, he wrote to the Home government: “I shall feel it my duty as the servant of the Company and Crown to exact national reparation from the State of Lahore. The Second Anglo-Sikh War took place in 1848 and 1849, between the Sikh Empire and the British East India Company. It resulted in the subjugation of the Sikh Empire, and the annexation of the Punjab and what subsequently became the North-West Frontier Province by the East India Company.

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The Marquis of Dalhousie, the new governor-general, who arrived in India in January 1848 scarcely approved of Hardinge’s “annexation without encumbrances. “ In April 1848 Diwan Mul Raj’s revolt at Multan opened the prospect of a fresh war in the Punjab. On the very day (4 May) Dalhousie received Resident Frederick Currie’s report of the incident at Multan, he wrote to the Home government: “I shall feel it my duty as the servant of the Company and Crown to exact national reparation from the State of Lahore. The Second Anglo-Sikh War took place in 1848 and 1849, between the Sikh Empire and the British East India Company. It resulted in the subjugation of the Sikh Empire, and the annexation of the Punjab and what subsequently became the North-West Frontier Province by the East India Company.