By the Permanent Settlement Act of 1793, the Zamindars class became more powerful than they were in the Mughal period. Earlier zamindars in Bengal, Bihar and Orissa had been functionaries who held the right to collect revenue on behalf of the Mughal emperor and his representative or diwan in Bengal. The security of tenure of landlords was guaranteed; in short, the former landholders and revenue intermediaries were granted proprietarial rights (effective ownership) to the land they held. In addition, the land tax was fixed in perpetuity, so as to minimize the tendency by British administrators to amass a small fortune in sluiced-away revenue.

Correct Option: C

By the Permanent Settlement Act of 1793, the Zamindars class became more powerful than they were in the Mughal period. Earlier zamindars in Bengal, Bihar and Orissa had been functionaries who held the right to collect revenue on behalf of the Mughal emperor and his representative or diwan in Bengal. The security of tenure of landlords was guaranteed; in short, the former landholders and revenue intermediaries were granted proprietarial rights (effective ownership) to the land they held. In addition, the land tax was fixed in perpetuity, so as to minimize the tendency by British administrators to amass a small fortune in sluiced-away revenue.

Near the end of the 15th century, Portuguese sailor Vasco da Gama became the first European to reestablish direct trade links with India since Roman times by being the first to arrive by circumnavigating Africa (1497-1499). His subsequent visits laid the foundation of Portuguese rule in India. Trading rivalries brought other European powers to India. The Netherlands, England, France, and Denmark established trading posts in India in the early 17th century.

Correct Option: D

Near the end of the 15th century, Portuguese sailor Vasco da Gama became the first European to reestablish direct trade links with India since Roman times by being the first to arrive by circumnavigating Africa (1497-1499). His subsequent visits laid the foundation of Portuguese rule in India. Trading rivalries brought other European powers to India. The Netherlands, England, France, and Denmark established trading posts in India in the early 17th century.

The Young Bengal movement was a group of radical Bengali free thinkers emerging from Hindu College, Calcutta in the year 1905. They were also known as Derozians, after their firebrand teacher at Hindu College, Henry Louis Vivian Derozio. The Young Bengals were inspired and excited by the spirit of free thought and revolt against the existing social and religious structure of Hindu society.

Correct Option: C

The Young Bengal movement was a group of radical Bengali free thinkers emerging from Hindu College, Calcutta in the year 1905. They were also known as Derozians, after their firebrand teacher at Hindu College, Henry Louis Vivian Derozio. The Young Bengals were inspired and excited by the spirit of free thought and revolt against the existing social and religious structure of Hindu society.

The Theosophical Society was officially formed in New York City, United States, in November 1875 by Helena Blavatsky, Henry Steel Olcott, William Quan Judge and others. Its initial objective was the "study and elucidation of Occultism, the Cabala etc." After a few years Olcott and Blavatsky moved to India and established the International Headquarters at Adyar, in Madras (Chennai).

Correct Option: A

The Theosophical Society was officially formed in New York City, United States, in November 1875 by Helena Blavatsky, Henry Steel Olcott, William Quan Judge and others. Its initial objective was the "study and elucidation of Occultism, the Cabala etc." After a few years Olcott and Blavatsky moved to India and established the International Headquarters at Adyar, in Madras (Chennai).

Lala Har Dayal was an Indian nationalist revolutionary who founded the Ghadar Party in America. His simple living and intellectual acumen inspired many expatriate Indians living in Canada and the USA to fight against British Imperialism during the First World War.

Correct Option: B

Lala Har Dayal was an Indian nationalist revolutionary who founded the Ghadar Party in America. His simple living and intellectual acumen inspired many expatriate Indians living in Canada and the USA to fight against British Imperialism during the First World War.