Cornwallis’s greatest achievement in India was the reorganization of the land taxation, known as the Permanent Settlement of 1793. Agricultural land in Bengal was cultivated by a large number of small farmers, who paid rent to a group of Zamindars (landowners). Under the Mughals, the government had collected taxes from the Zamindars. The East India Company, however, had tried to set aside the Zamindars, and collect land taxes either directly through company officials, or through revenue-farmers, who collected the rent from peasants and paid a lump sum to the government. The new system led to widespread corruption, and the peasants suffered severely. Cornwallis decided to go back to the old Mughal system. He granted legal ownership of their land to the Zamindars. In return, they had to pay the government 90 per cent of the rent which they collected from the farmers. These arrangements were to last for ever, hence the title “permanent settlement.”

Correct Option: D

Cornwallis’s greatest achievement in India was the reorganization of the land taxation, known as the Permanent Settlement of 1793. Agricultural land in Bengal was cultivated by a large number of small farmers, who paid rent to a group of Zamindars (landowners). Under the Mughals, the government had collected taxes from the Zamindars. The East India Company, however, had tried to set aside the Zamindars, and collect land taxes either directly through company officials, or through revenue-farmers, who collected the rent from peasants and paid a lump sum to the government. The new system led to widespread corruption, and the peasants suffered severely. Cornwallis decided to go back to the old Mughal system. He granted legal ownership of their land to the Zamindars. In return, they had to pay the government 90 per cent of the rent which they collected from the farmers. These arrangements were to last for ever, hence the title “permanent settlement.”

Lucknow Pact, (December 1916) refers to an agreement made by the Indian National Congress headed by Maratha leader Bal Gangadhar Tilak and the AllIndia Muslim League led by Muhammad Ali Jinnah; it was adopted by the Congress at its Lucknow session on December 29 and by the league on December 31, 1916. The meeting at Lucknow marked the reunion of the moderate and radical wings of the Congress. The pact dealt both with the structure of the government of India and with the relation of the Hindu and Muslim communities.

Correct Option: C

Lucknow Pact, (December 1916) refers to an agreement made by the Indian National Congress headed by Maratha leader Bal Gangadhar Tilak and the AllIndia Muslim League led by Muhammad Ali Jinnah; it was adopted by the Congress at its Lucknow session on December 29 and by the league on December 31, 1916. The meeting at Lucknow marked the reunion of the moderate and radical wings of the Congress. The pact dealt both with the structure of the government of India and with the relation of the Hindu and Muslim communities.

The first Viceroy of India Lord Canning organized a Durbar at Allahabad on in November 1, 1858, in which he legally declared the assumption of power by Queen Victoria. It was in this durbar that authority was transferred from the East India Company to the Crown. On that occasion Lord Canning also had read out the Queen‘s proclamation to the princes and people of India. The British Government ordered its servants in India not to interfere in the religious affairs of the Indians. In framing and administering law in India, due regard was to be shown to the customs, ancient rites and usages of the Indians.

Correct Option: D

The first Viceroy of India Lord Canning organized a Durbar at Allahabad on in November 1, 1858, in which he legally declared the assumption of power by Queen Victoria. It was in this durbar that authority was transferred from the East India Company to the Crown. On that occasion Lord Canning also had read out the Queen‘s proclamation to the princes and people of India. The British Government ordered its servants in India not to interfere in the religious affairs of the Indians. In framing and administering law in India, due regard was to be shown to the customs, ancient rites and usages of the Indians.

Dyarchy was the system of double government introduced by the Government of India Act (1919) for the provinces of British India. It marked the first introduction of the democratic principle into the executive branch of the British administration of India. Though much-criticized, it signified a breakthrough in British Indian government and was the forerunner of India’s full provincial autonomy (1935) and independence (1947). Dyarchy was introduced as a constitutional reform by Edwin Samuel Montagu (secretary of state for India, 1917–22) and Lord Chelmsford (viceroy of India, 1916–21).

Correct Option: B

Dyarchy was the system of double government introduced by the Government of India Act (1919) for the provinces of British India. It marked the first introduction of the democratic principle into the executive branch of the British administration of India. Though much-criticized, it signified a breakthrough in British Indian government and was the forerunner of India’s full provincial autonomy (1935) and independence (1947). Dyarchy was introduced as a constitutional reform by Edwin Samuel Montagu (secretary of state for India, 1917–22) and Lord Chelmsford (viceroy of India, 1916–21).

Curzon introduced some reforms in agriculture. He passed the Punjab Land alienation Act of 1902. Under this act Curzon declared the land of agriculture will not be transferred to non-agriculturist. In this way he protected the farmers from money lander class.

Correct Option: D

Curzon introduced some reforms in agriculture. He passed the Punjab Land alienation Act of 1902. Under this act Curzon declared the land of agriculture will not be transferred to non-agriculturist. In this way he protected the farmers from money lander class.