Satyagraha and Sarvodaya were Mahatma Gandhi’s most significant and revolutionary contributions to contemporary political thought. He felt that the exercise of satyagraha could be carried out through noncooperation. Civil disobedience and non-cooperation as practised under Satyagraha are based on the “law of suffering”, a doctrine that the endurance of suffering is a means to an end. This end usually implies a moral upliftment or progress of an individual or society. Therefore, non-cooperation in Satyagraha is, in fact, a means to secure the cooperation of the opponent consistently with truth and justice.

Correct Option: C

Satyagraha and Sarvodaya were Mahatma Gandhi’s most significant and revolutionary contributions to contemporary political thought. He felt that the exercise of satyagraha could be carried out through noncooperation. Civil disobedience and non-cooperation as practised under Satyagraha are based on the “law of suffering”, a doctrine that the endurance of suffering is a means to an end. This end usually implies a moral upliftment or progress of an individual or society. Therefore, non-cooperation in Satyagraha is, in fact, a means to secure the cooperation of the opponent consistently with truth and justice.

Tryst with Destiny was a speech made by Jawaharlal Nehru, the first Prime Minister of independent India. The speech was made to the Indian Constituent Assembly, on the eve of India’s Independence, towards midnight on 14 August 1947. It focuses on the aspects that transcend India’s history. It is considered to be one of the greatest speeches of all time and to be a landmark oration that captures the essence of the triumphant culmination of the hundredyear non-violent Indian freedom struggle against the British Empire in India. The phrase “rendezvous with destiny” was used by Franklin D. Roosevelt in his 1936 Democratic National Convention speech, inspiring the similar phrase “tryst with destiny” by Jawaharlal Nehru.

Correct Option: D

Tryst with Destiny was a speech made by Jawaharlal Nehru, the first Prime Minister of independent India. The speech was made to the Indian Constituent Assembly, on the eve of India’s Independence, towards midnight on 14 August 1947. It focuses on the aspects that transcend India’s history. It is considered to be one of the greatest speeches of all time and to be a landmark oration that captures the essence of the triumphant culmination of the hundredyear non-violent Indian freedom struggle against the British Empire in India. The phrase “rendezvous with destiny” was used by Franklin D. Roosevelt in his 1936 Democratic National Convention speech, inspiring the similar phrase “tryst with destiny” by Jawaharlal Nehru.

The Treaty of Bassein (Now called Vasai) was a pact signed on December 31, 1802, between the British East India Company and Baji Rao II, the Maratha Peshwa of Pune (Poona) in India after the Battle of Poona. The treaty was a decisive step in the dissolution of the Maratha Confederacy, which led to the East India Company’s usurpation of the Peshwa’s territories in western India in 1818.

Correct Option: C

The Treaty of Bassein (Now called Vasai) was a pact signed on December 31, 1802, between the British East India Company and Baji Rao II, the Maratha Peshwa of Pune (Poona) in India after the Battle of Poona. The treaty was a decisive step in the dissolution of the Maratha Confederacy, which led to the East India Company’s usurpation of the Peshwa’s territories in western India in 1818.

Kakori conspiracy (also called the Kakori train robbery or Kakori Case) was a train robbery that took place between Kakori and Alamnagar, near Lucknow, on 9 August 1925 during the Indian Independence Movement against the British Indian Government. The idea of this robbery was conceived by Ram Prasad Bismil and Ashfaqullah Khan who belonged to the Hindustan Republican Association or HRA, which became later the Hindustan Socialist Republican Association or HSRA after 1928. The robbery plan was executed by Ram Prasad Bismil, Ashfaqulla Khan, Rajendra Lahiri, Chandrashekhar Azad, Sachindra Bakshi, Keshab Chakravarthy, Manmathnath Gupta, Murari Sharma (fake name of Murari Lal Gupta), Mukundi Lal (Mukundi Lal Gupta) and Banwari Lal.

Correct Option: D

Kakori conspiracy (also called the Kakori train robbery or Kakori Case) was a train robbery that took place between Kakori and Alamnagar, near Lucknow, on 9 August 1925 during the Indian Independence Movement against the British Indian Government. The idea of this robbery was conceived by Ram Prasad Bismil and Ashfaqullah Khan who belonged to the Hindustan Republican Association or HRA, which became later the Hindustan Socialist Republican Association or HSRA after 1928. The robbery plan was executed by Ram Prasad Bismil, Ashfaqulla Khan, Rajendra Lahiri, Chandrashekhar Azad, Sachindra Bakshi, Keshab Chakravarthy, Manmathnath Gupta, Murari Sharma (fake name of Murari Lal Gupta), Mukundi Lal (Mukundi Lal Gupta) and Banwari Lal.

The Battle of Buxar was fought on 23 October 1764 between the forces under the command of the British East India Company led by Hector Munro, and the combined Muslim army of Mir Qasim, the Nawab of Bengal; Shujaud-Daula the Nawab of Awadh and the Mughal King Shah Alam II. The prime victim Shah Alam II, signed the Treaty of Allahabad that secured Diwani Rights for the Company to collect and manage the revenues of almost 100,000,000 acres of real estate which form parts of the modern states of West Bengal, Orissa, Bihar, Jharkhand, and Uttar Pradesh, as well as areas in the neighbouring country of Bangladesh. The Treaty of Allahabad heralded the establishment of the rule of the East India Company in one-eighth of India proper with a single stroke. The battles of Plassey and Buxar secured a permanent foothold for the British East India Company in the rich province of Bengal and secured its political ascendancy in the entire region later to be named India.

Correct Option: A

The Battle of Buxar was fought on 23 October 1764 between the forces under the command of the British East India Company led by Hector Munro, and the combined Muslim army of Mir Qasim, the Nawab of Bengal; Shujaud-Daula the Nawab of Awadh and the Mughal King Shah Alam II. The prime victim Shah Alam II, signed the Treaty of Allahabad that secured Diwani Rights for the Company to collect and manage the revenues of almost 100,000,000 acres of real estate which form parts of the modern states of West Bengal, Orissa, Bihar, Jharkhand, and Uttar Pradesh, as well as areas in the neighbouring country of Bangladesh. The Treaty of Allahabad heralded the establishment of the rule of the East India Company in one-eighth of India proper with a single stroke. The battles of Plassey and Buxar secured a permanent foothold for the British East India Company in the rich province of Bengal and secured its political ascendancy in the entire region later to be named India.