Tipu Sultan while managing his land revenue system introduced the system of collecting the rent in cash. Farming out the land was abolished and the state undertook the task of collecting the tax directly from the peasants. State officers were strictly instructed not to harass the ryots (peasants or cultivators of the soil). They were not to interfere in their daily affairs except at the time of collecting taxes when they should adopt peaceful methods of collection.

Correct Option: B

Tipu Sultan while managing his land revenue system introduced the system of collecting the rent in cash. Farming out the land was abolished and the state undertook the task of collecting the tax directly from the peasants. State officers were strictly instructed not to harass the ryots (peasants or cultivators of the soil). They were not to interfere in their daily affairs except at the time of collecting taxes when they should adopt peaceful methods of collection.

Till the end of the 19th century, the British officials continued to look upon the rebellion primarily as a ‘sepoy mutiny’. But, another British tendency was to look upon the event as a ‘Muslim’ reaction. Upon this view, British had taken over power from the Muslims who made the last consolidated effort to regain their lost power and glory through the revolt of 1857. Thus ‘sepoy mutiny’ and ‘Muslim reaction’ were the main components of the way in which the British chose to understand the reality of 1857.

Correct Option: A

Till the end of the 19th century, the British officials continued to look upon the rebellion primarily as a ‘sepoy mutiny’. But, another British tendency was to look upon the event as a ‘Muslim’ reaction. Upon this view, British had taken over power from the Muslims who made the last consolidated effort to regain their lost power and glory through the revolt of 1857. Thus ‘sepoy mutiny’ and ‘Muslim reaction’ were the main components of the way in which the British chose to understand the reality of 1857.

It was from Thoreau’s essay, Civil Disobedience, that Gandhi borrowed the phrase used widely to describe his program. Thoreau himself was influenced by the writings of the forest wise men of India who wrote the Upanishads. These ancient Hindu writings were translated into English in the early 1800s. Thoreau read and pondered them in the Harvard College library. Thus this political technique of boycott and non-violent protest has already crossed and re-crossed the ocean to strengthen hearts and to influence minds in South Asia, South Africa and in Alabama, U.S.A.

Correct Option: A

It was from Thoreau’s essay, Civil Disobedience, that Gandhi borrowed the phrase used widely to describe his program. Thoreau himself was influenced by the writings of the forest wise men of India who wrote the Upanishads. These ancient Hindu writings were translated into English in the early 1800s. Thoreau read and pondered them in the Harvard College library. Thus this political technique of boycott and non-violent protest has already crossed and re-crossed the ocean to strengthen hearts and to influence minds in South Asia, South Africa and in Alabama, U.S.A.

The All India Home Rule League was a national political organization founded in 1916 to lead the national demand for self-government, termed Home Rule, and to obtain the status of a Dominion within the British Empire as enjoyed by Australia, Canada, South Africa, New Zealand and Newfoundland at the time. On April 23, 1916, Bal Gangadhar Tilak formed The Home Rule League in Bombay. Six months later Mrs. Annie Besant founded the league in Madras. While Tilak’s Home Rule League was confined to Maharashtra, Home Rule Leagues were started in the rest of the country under the guidance of Annie Besant.

Correct Option: D

The All India Home Rule League was a national political organization founded in 1916 to lead the national demand for self-government, termed Home Rule, and to obtain the status of a Dominion within the British Empire as enjoyed by Australia, Canada, South Africa, New Zealand and Newfoundland at the time. On April 23, 1916, Bal Gangadhar Tilak formed The Home Rule League in Bombay. Six months later Mrs. Annie Besant founded the league in Madras. While Tilak’s Home Rule League was confined to Maharashtra, Home Rule Leagues were started in the rest of the country under the guidance of Annie Besant.

Allan Octavian Hume was a civil servant, political reformer and amateur ornithologist and horticulturalist in British India. He was one of the founders of the Indian National Congress for which he is known as the ‘Father of the Indian National Congress’. A notable ornithologist, Hume has also been called “the Father of Indian Ornithology.”

Correct Option: B

Allan Octavian Hume was a civil servant, political reformer and amateur ornithologist and horticulturalist in British India. He was one of the founders of the Indian National Congress for which he is known as the ‘Father of the Indian National Congress’. A notable ornithologist, Hume has also been called “the Father of Indian Ornithology.”