The Republic of india is governed in terms of the Constitution of India which was adopted by the Constituent Assembly on 26th November 1949 and came into force on 26th January 1950. The date 26 January was chosen to commemorate the Purna Swaraj declaration of independence of 1930. With its adoption, the Union of India officially became the modern and contemporary Republic of India and it replaced the Government of India Act 1935 as the country’s fundamental governing document.

Correct Option: B

The Republic of india is governed in terms of the Constitution of India which was adopted by the Constituent Assembly on 26th November 1949 and came into force on 26th January 1950. The date 26 January was chosen to commemorate the Purna Swaraj declaration of independence of 1930. With its adoption, the Union of India officially became the modern and contemporary Republic of India and it replaced the Government of India Act 1935 as the country’s fundamental governing document.

India had non-Congress governments in some states even in 1951, with the first communist government under E.M.S. Namboodiripad in Kerala and a coalition in the Patiala and Eastern Punjab States Union (later merged with Punjab, Haryana and Himachal Pradesh). As the first non-Indian National Congress Chief Minister in Republic of India, Namboodiripad became the leader of the first democratically elected Communist government in India (San Marino being first in the world).

Correct Option: D

India had non-Congress governments in some states even in 1951, with the first communist government under E.M.S. Namboodiripad in Kerala and a coalition in the Patiala and Eastern Punjab States Union (later merged with Punjab, Haryana and Himachal Pradesh). As the first non-Indian National Congress Chief Minister in Republic of India, Namboodiripad became the leader of the first democratically elected Communist government in India (San Marino being first in the world).

Chakravarti Rajagopalachari informally called Rajaji or C.R., was an Indian lawyer, independence activist, politician, writer and statesman. Rajagopalachari was the last Governor-General of India and the first Indian Governor-General of India. He also served as leader of the Indian National Congress, Premier of the Madras Presidency, Governor of West Bengal, Minister for Home Affairs of the Indian Union and Chief Minister of Madras state. Rajaji founded the Swatantra Party and was one of the first recipients of India’s highest civilian award, the Bharat Ratna. He vehemently opposed the use of nuclear weapons and was a proponent of world peace and disarmament. During his lifetime, he also acquired the nickname ‘Mango of Salem’.

Correct Option: B

Chakravarti Rajagopalachari informally called Rajaji or C.R., was an Indian lawyer, independence activist, politician, writer and statesman. Rajagopalachari was the last Governor-General of India and the first Indian Governor-General of India. He also served as leader of the Indian National Congress, Premier of the Madras Presidency, Governor of West Bengal, Minister for Home Affairs of the Indian Union and Chief Minister of Madras state. Rajaji founded the Swatantra Party and was one of the first recipients of India’s highest civilian award, the Bharat Ratna. He vehemently opposed the use of nuclear weapons and was a proponent of world peace and disarmament. During his lifetime, he also acquired the nickname ‘Mango of Salem’.

The most significant aspects of the Government of India Act 1935 were: the grant of a large measure of autonomy to the provinces of British India (ending the system of dyarchy introduced by the Government of India Act 1919) and provision for the establishment of a “Federation of India”, to be made up of both British India and some or all of the “princely states”. However, the degree of autonomy introduced at the provincial level was subject to important limitations: the provincial Governors retained important reserve powers, and the British authorities also retained a right to suspend responsible government.

Correct Option: C

The most significant aspects of the Government of India Act 1935 were: the grant of a large measure of autonomy to the provinces of British India (ending the system of dyarchy introduced by the Government of India Act 1919) and provision for the establishment of a “Federation of India”, to be made up of both British India and some or all of the “princely states”. However, the degree of autonomy introduced at the provincial level was subject to important limitations: the provincial Governors retained important reserve powers, and the British authorities also retained a right to suspend responsible government.

In India, two great leaders, M.N. Roy and Jayaprakash Narayan, have at different times advocated partyless democracy. Jayprakash Narayan never held a formal position in the government, but remained a leading political personality operating outside party politics. Late in his life, he regained prominence as an active critic of the increasingly authoritarian policies of Prime Minister Indira Gandhi, Mohandas Gandhi’s daughter. His reform movement called for “partyless democracy,” decentralization of power, village autonomy and a more representative legislature. Narayan was popular for his Four Theories-Marxism, Democratic Socialism, Partyless Democracy based on Sarvodaya and Total Revolution.

Correct Option: A

In India, two great leaders, M.N. Roy and Jayaprakash Narayan, have at different times advocated partyless democracy. Jayprakash Narayan never held a formal position in the government, but remained a leading political personality operating outside party politics. Late in his life, he regained prominence as an active critic of the increasingly authoritarian policies of Prime Minister Indira Gandhi, Mohandas Gandhi’s daughter. His reform movement called for “partyless democracy,” decentralization of power, village autonomy and a more representative legislature. Narayan was popular for his Four Theories-Marxism, Democratic Socialism, Partyless Democracy based on Sarvodaya and Total Revolution.