Correct Option: B

The doctrine of the subsidiary alliance was introduced by Marquess Wellesley, British Governor-General of India from 1798 to 1805. Lord Curzon after becoming the governor general of India sought to introduce the reforms in all fields of administration and also in education. In September 1901, Curzon summoned the highest educational officers of the Government throughout India and representatives of universities at a round table Conference at Shimla. The Conference adopted 150 resolutions which touched almost every conceivable branch of education. This was followed by the appointment of a Commission under the presidency of Sir Thomas Raleigh on 27 January, 1902 to inquire into the condition and prospects of universities in India and to recommend proposals for improving their constitution and working. As a result of the report of the recommendations of the Commission the Indian Universities Act was passed in 1904. The Doctrine of Lapse was an annexation policy purportedly devised by Lord Dalhousie, who was the Governor General for the East India Company in India between 1848 and 1856. The Dual Government of Bengal was a double system of administration, which was introduced by Robert Clive. The British East India Company obtained the actual power; whereas the responsibility and charge of administration was entrusted to the Nawab of Bengal.