Syllogism


Direction: In each of the question below are three statements following by two conclusions numbered I and II. You have to take the three given statement to be true even if they seem to be at variance with commonly known facts and then decided which of the given conclusion logically follows from the three statements disregarding commonly known fact.

  1. Statement:
    All goats are flowers.
    No flower is branch.
    Some branches are roots.

    Conclusions:
    I. Some roots are goats.
    II. No roots are goat.











  1. View Hint View Answer Discuss in Forum

    All goats are flowers + No flower is branch = 1 + A = E = E = No goat is branch + Some branches are roots = E + 1 = 0* = Some roots are not goats. Hence neither I nor II definitely follows However, since the two from a complementary I - E pair, either of two must follow.

    Correct Option: C

    All goats are flowers + No flower is branch = 1 + A = E = E = No goat is branch + Some branches are roots = E + 1 = 0* = Some roots are not goats. Hence neither I nor II definitely follows However, since the two from a complementary I - E pair, either of two must follow.


Direction: Two statements are given followed by four conclusions, I, II, III and IV. You have to consider the statements to be true, even if they seem to be at variance from commonly known facts. You are to decide which of the given conclusions can definitely be drawn from the given statements. Indicate your answer.

  1. Statements:
    (A) No cow is a chair.
    (B) All chairs are tables.
    Conclusions:
    I. Some tables are chairs.
    II. Some tables are cows.
    III. Some chairs are cows.
    IV. No table is a cow.











  1. View Hint View Answer Discuss in Forum

    First Premise is Universal Negative (E-type).
    Second Premise is Universal Affirmative (A-type).
    No cow is chair. ↔ All chairs are tables.

    Correct Option: E

    First Premise is Universal Negative (E-type).
    Second Premise is Universal Affirmative (A-type).
    No cow is chair. ↔ All chairs are tables.
    E + A ⇒ O1 – type of Conclusion “Some tables are not cows.”
    Conclusion I is Converse of the second Premise. Therefore, Conclusion I follows.
    Conclusions II and IV form Complementary Pair. Therefore, either Conclusion II or IV follows. Thus, Conclusion I and Conclusion II or IV follow.
    There is no such options.



Direction: In the following Question two statements are given followed by two conclusions I and II. You have to consider the two statements to be true, even if they seem to be at variance from commonly known facts. You are to decide which of the given conclusions can definitely be drawn from the given statements. Indicate your answer.

  1. Statements:
    No man is intelligent.
    All women are intelligent.
    Conclusions:
    I. No man is a woman.
    II. No woman is a man.









  1. View Hint View Answer Discuss in Forum

    First Premise is Universal Negative (E-type).
    Second Premise is Universal Affirmative (A-type).
    We can align the Premises by Converting the first Premise and changing their order.

    Correct Option: C

    First Premise is Universal Negative (E-type).
    Second Premise is Universal Affirmative (A-type).
    We can align the Premises by Converting the first Premise and changing their order. Thus,
    All women are intelligent. ↔ No intelligent is a man .
    we know that,
    A + E ⇒E-type Conclusion Thus our derived Conclusion would be:
    “No woman is a man”
    This is the Conclusion II. Conclusion I is the Converse of this Conclusion.
    Therefore, both the Conclusions I and II follow.


Direction: In each of the following questions, one statement is given followed by two assumptions/conclusions, I and II. You have to consider the statement to be true, even if it seems to be at variance from commonly known facts. You are to decide which of the given assumptions/conclusions can definitely be drawn from the given statement.

  1. Statements:
    All carts are cars.
    All cars are trains. So
    Conclusions:
    I. All carts are trains.
    II. All trains are carts.









  1. View Hint View Answer Discuss in Forum

    Both the Premises are Universal Affirmative (A–type).
    All carts are cars. ↔ All cars are trains.

    Correct Option: A

    Both the Premises are Universal Affirmative (A–type).
    All carts are cars. ↔ All cars are trains.
    A + A ⇒ A-type of Conclusion
    “All carts are trains.”
    This is Conclusion I.



Direction: In the following questions, two statements are given followed by two conclusions I and II. You have to consider the two statements to be true, even if they seem to be at variance from commonly known facts. You are to decide which of the given conclusions can definitely be drawn from the given statements. Indicate your answer.

  1. Statements:
    All soldiers are men.
    Some citizens are soldiers.
    Conclusions:
    I. Some citizens are men.
    II. All soldiers are citizens.









  1. View Hint View Answer Discuss in Forum

    We can align the premises by changing their order:
    Some citizens are solidiers. ↔ All solidiers are men.

    Correct Option: A

    We can align the premises by changing their order:
    Some citizens are solidiers. ↔ All solidiers are men.
    We know that
    I + A → I type conclusion Thus, our derived conclusion would be:
    “Some citizens are men”.
    This is conclusion on I.