An oligopoly is a market form in which a market or industry is dominated by a small number of sellers (oligopolists). Because there are few sellers, each oligopolist is likely to be aware of the actions of the others. The decisions of one firm influence, and are influenced by, the decisions of other firms. Some of its characteristics are: Profit maximization conditions; Number of firms; Product differentiation; Interdependence; Non-Price Competition, etc. The distinctive feature of an oligopoly is interdependence. Oligopolies are typically composed of a few large firms. Each firm is so large that its actions affect market conditions. Therefore the competing firms will be aware of a firm’s market actions and will respond appropriately. This means that in contemplating a market action, a firm must take into consideration the possible reactions of all competing firms and the firm’s countermoves.

Correct Option: B

An oligopoly is a market form in which a market or industry is dominated by a small number of sellers (oligopolists). Because there are few sellers, each oligopolist is likely to be aware of the actions of the others. The decisions of one firm influence, and are influenced by, the decisions of other firms. Some of its characteristics are: Profit maximization conditions; Number of firms; Product differentiation; Interdependence; Non-Price Competition, etc. The distinctive feature of an oligopoly is interdependence. Oligopolies are typically composed of a few large firms. Each firm is so large that its actions affect market conditions. Therefore the competing firms will be aware of a firm’s market actions and will respond appropriately. This means that in contemplating a market action, a firm must take into consideration the possible reactions of all competing firms and the firm’s countermoves.

In economics, the law of demand is an economic law, which states that consumers buy more of a good when its price is lower and less when its price is higher. The Law of demand states that the quantity demanded and the price of a commodity are inversely related, other things remaining constant. That is, if the income of the consumer, prices of the related goods, and preferences of the consumer remain unchanged, then the change in quantity of good demanded by the consumer will be negatively correlated to the change in the price of the good.

Correct Option: D

In economics, the law of demand is an economic law, which states that consumers buy more of a good when its price is lower and less when its price is higher. The Law of demand states that the quantity demanded and the price of a commodity are inversely related, other things remaining constant. That is, if the income of the consumer, prices of the related goods, and preferences of the consumer remain unchanged, then the change in quantity of good demanded by the consumer will be negatively correlated to the change in the price of the good.

‘Producer Surplus’ is an economic measure of the difference between the amount that a producer of a good receives and the minimum amount that he or she would be willing to accept for the good. The difference, or surplus amount, is the benefit that the producer receives for selling the good in the market.

Correct Option: C

‘Producer Surplus’ is an economic measure of the difference between the amount that a producer of a good receives and the minimum amount that he or she would be willing to accept for the good. The difference, or surplus amount, is the benefit that the producer receives for selling the good in the market.

Normative economics (as opposed to positive economics) is that part of economics that expresses value judgments (normative judgments) about economic fairness or what the economy ought to be like or what goals of public policy ought to be. It is the study or presentation of “what ought to be” rather than what actually is. Normative economics deals heavily in value judgments and theoretical scenarios. An example of a normative economic statement would be, “We should cut taxes in half to increase disposable income levels”. By contrast, a positive (or objective) economic observation would be, “Big tax cuts would help many people, but government budget constraints make that option infeasible.”

Correct Option: A

Normative economics (as opposed to positive economics) is that part of economics that expresses value judgments (normative judgments) about economic fairness or what the economy ought to be like or what goals of public policy ought to be. It is the study or presentation of “what ought to be” rather than what actually is. Normative economics deals heavily in value judgments and theoretical scenarios. An example of a normative economic statement would be, “We should cut taxes in half to increase disposable income levels”. By contrast, a positive (or objective) economic observation would be, “Big tax cuts would help many people, but government budget constraints make that option infeasible.”

“Need,” “Want,” and “Demand” are the three key concepts of marketing. Needs are the basic human requirements. These needs become wants when they are directed to specific objects that might satisfy the need, though these wants in themselves are not essential for living. Wants are therefore shaped by one’s society and surroundings. The third concept, demands, are wants for specific products backed by an ability to pay. Many people want a luxury car or a weekend break in the Caribbean, but only a few people are willing and able to buy one. In business terms, companies must measure not only how many people want their product but also how many would actually be willing and able to buy it.

Correct Option: A

“Need,” “Want,” and “Demand” are the three key concepts of marketing. Needs are the basic human requirements. These needs become wants when they are directed to specific objects that might satisfy the need, though these wants in themselves are not essential for living. Wants are therefore shaped by one’s society and surroundings. The third concept, demands, are wants for specific products backed by an ability to pay. Many people want a luxury car or a weekend break in the Caribbean, but only a few people are willing and able to buy one. In business terms, companies must measure not only how many people want their product but also how many would actually be willing and able to buy it.