Permutation and Combination


  1. An intelligence agency forms a code of two distinct digits selected from 0, 1, 2,....., 9 such that the first-digit of code is non-zero. The code, handwritten on a slip, can however potentially create confusion when read upside down, for examples the code 91 may appear as 16. how many codes are there for which no such confusion can arise?









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    The available digits are 0, 1, 2,...., 9. The first digit can be chosen in 9 ways (0 not acceptable), the second digit can be accepted in 9 ways (digit repetition not allowed). Thus, the code can be made in 9 x 9 = 81 ways.
    Now, there are only 4 digits which can create confusion 1, 6, 8, 9. The same can be given in the following ways
    Total number of ways confusion can arise
    = 4 x 3 = 12

    Correct Option: D

    The available digits are 0, 1, 2,...., 9. The first digit can be chosen in 9 ways (0 not acceptable), the second digit can be accepted in 9 ways (digit repetition not allowed). Thus, the code can be made in 9 x 9 = 81 ways.
    Now, there are only 4 digits which can create confusion 1, 6, 8, 9. The same can be given in the following ways
    Total number of ways confusion can arise
    = 4 x 3 = 12
    Thus, the ways in which no such confusion arise = 81-12 =69


  1. The number of ways in which a committee of 3 ladies and 4 gentlemen can be appointed from a group consisting of 8 ladies and 7 gentlemen, if Mrs. X refuses to serve in a committee if Mr. Y is its member, is









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    If Mrs. X is selected among the ladies in the committee, then Mr. Y is not selected or if Mrs. X is not selected then Mr. Y can be there in the committee...
    So, required number of ways
    = 8C3 x 6C4 + 7C3 x 7C4

    Correct Option: D

    If Mrs. X is selected among the ladies in the committee, then Mr. Y is not selected or if Mrs. X is not selected then Mr. Y can be there in the committee...
    So, required number of ways
    = 8C3 x 6C4 + 7C3 x 7C4
    = [(8 x 7 x 6)/(3 x 2)] x [(6 x 5)/(2 x 1)] + [(7 x 6 x 5)/(3 x 2)] x [(7 x 6 x 5)/(3 x 2)]
    = 840 + 1225
    = 2065



  1. A five-digit number divisible by 3 is to be formed using digits 0, 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 without repetition, the total number of ways this can be done, is











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    A five-digit number, which is divisible by 3, is formed when sum of digits is also divisible by 3.

    So, combination formed using six-digits, which are divisible by 3
    = 5 + 4 + 3 + 2 + 1 = 15
    = 5 + 4 + 2 + 1 + 0 = 12

    So, set of number are (5, 4, 3, 2, 1) and (5, 4, 2, 1, 0).

    Number formed by using 1st set = 5 x 4 x 3 x 2 x 1 = 120
    Similarly, using 2nd set = 4 x 4 x 3 x 2 x 1 = 96

    Correct Option: C

    A five-digit number, which is divisible by 3, is formed when sum of digits is also divisible by 3.

    So, combination formed using six-digits, which are divisible by 3
    = 5 + 4 + 3 + 2 + 1 = 15
    = 5 + 4 + 2 + 1 + 0 = 12

    So, set of number are (5, 4, 3, 2, 1) and (5, 4, 2, 1, 0).

    Number formed by using 1st set = 5 x 4 x 3 x 2 x 1 = 120
    Similarly, using 2nd set = 4 x 4 x 3 x 2 x 1 = 96

    Hence, using 2nd set, underlined place cannot be filled by 0, otherwise it will become a four-digit number.
    ∴ Total number = 120 + 96 = 216


  1. A new flag is to be designed with six vertical stripes using some or all of the colour yellow, green,blue and red. Then, the number of ways this can be made such that no two adjacent stripes have the same colour is









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    Any of the 4 colour can be chosen for the first stripe. Any of the remaining 3 colours can be used for the second stripe. The third stripe can again be coloured in 3 ways (we can repeat the colour of the first stripe but not use the colours of the second stripe).
    Similarly, There are 3 ways to colour each of the remaining stripes.
    ∴ The number of ways the flag can be coloured is 4(3)5 = (12) (3)4 = 12 x 81

    Correct Option: A

    Any of the 4 colour can be chosen for the first stripe. Any of the remaining 3 colours can be used for the second stripe. The third stripe can again be coloured in 3 ways (we can repeat the colour of the first stripe but not use the colours of the second stripe).
    Similarly, There are 3 ways to colour each of the remaining stripes.
    ∴ The number of ways the flag can be coloured is 4(3)5 = (12) (3)4 = 12 x 81



  1. There are 10 stations on a railway line. The number of different journey tickets that are required by the authorities, is











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    There are 10 station on railway line.
    So, the number of different journey tickets between two station from given 10 stations from one side = 10C2 = 10 x 9/2 = 45.

    Correct Option: B

    There are 10 station on railway line.
    So, the number of different journey tickets between two station from given 10 stations from one side = 10C2 = 10 x 9/2 = 45.

    Similarly, number of different journey tickets from other side = 45
    ∴ Total number of tickets to be generated by authorities. = 45 + 45 = 90