The appointment and removal of the Judges of the High Courts are governed by Article 217 of the Indian Constitution. Clause (1) of Article 217 says that “every judge of a High Court shall be appointed by the President by warrant under his hand and seal after consultation with the Chief Justice of India, the Governor of the State, and, in the case of appointment of a Judge other than the Chief Justice, the Chief Justice of the High Court and shall hold office, in the case of an additional or acting judge, as provided in Article 224, and in any other case, until he attains the age of sixty-two years”

Correct Option: B

The appointment and removal of the Judges of the High Courts are governed by Article 217 of the Indian Constitution. Clause (1) of Article 217 says that “every judge of a High Court shall be appointed by the President by warrant under his hand and seal after consultation with the Chief Justice of India, the Governor of the State, and, in the case of appointment of a Judge other than the Chief Justice, the Chief Justice of the High Court and shall hold office, in the case of an additional or acting judge, as provided in Article 224, and in any other case, until he attains the age of sixty-two years”

The Supreme Court has original, appellate and advisory jurisdiction under Articles 32, 131–144 of the Constitution. The Supreme Court has special advisory jurisdiction in matters which may specifically be referred to it by the President of India under Article 143 of the Constitution. The appellate jurisdiction of the Supreme Court can be invoked by a certificate granted by the High Court concerned under Articles 132(1), 133(1) or 134 of the Constitution in respect of any judgment, decree or final order of a High Court in both civil and criminal cases, involving substantial questions of law as to the interpretation of the Constitution. The court has exclusive original jurisdiction over any dispute between the Government of India and one or more States or between the Government of India and any State or States on one side and one or more States on the other or between two or more States, if and insofar as the dispute involves any question (whether of law or of fact) on which the existence or extent of a legal right depends.

Correct Option: D

The Supreme Court has original, appellate and advisory jurisdiction under Articles 32, 131–144 of the Constitution. The Supreme Court has special advisory jurisdiction in matters which may specifically be referred to it by the President of India under Article 143 of the Constitution. The appellate jurisdiction of the Supreme Court can be invoked by a certificate granted by the High Court concerned under Articles 132(1), 133(1) or 134 of the Constitution in respect of any judgment, decree or final order of a High Court in both civil and criminal cases, involving substantial questions of law as to the interpretation of the Constitution. The court has exclusive original jurisdiction over any dispute between the Government of India and one or more States or between the Government of India and any State or States on one side and one or more States on the other or between two or more States, if and insofar as the dispute involves any question (whether of law or of fact) on which the existence or extent of a legal right depends.

Under various Central and State enactments, the High Court has been conferred with appellate as well as revisional jurisdiction. Any person convicted on a trial held by a Sessions Judge or an Additional Sessions Judge or on a trial held by any other Court in which a sentence of imprisonment for more than seven years [has been passed against him or against any other person convicted at the same trial]; may appeal to the High Court.

Correct Option: D

Under various Central and State enactments, the High Court has been conferred with appellate as well as revisional jurisdiction. Any person convicted on a trial held by a Sessions Judge or an Additional Sessions Judge or on a trial held by any other Court in which a sentence of imprisonment for more than seven years [has been passed against him or against any other person convicted at the same trial]; may appeal to the High Court.

The basic structure doctrine was first articulated by Justice Hans Raj Khanna in the landmark decision of Kesavananda Bharati v. State of Kerala (case citation: AIR 1973 SC 1461). Previously, the Supreme Court had held that the power of parliament to amend the constitution was unfettered. However, in this landmark ruling, the court adjudicated that while parliament has “wide” powers, it did not have the power to destroy or emasculate the basic elements or fundamental features of the constitution

Correct Option: A

The basic structure doctrine was first articulated by Justice Hans Raj Khanna in the landmark decision of Kesavananda Bharati v. State of Kerala (case citation: AIR 1973 SC 1461). Previously, the Supreme Court had held that the power of parliament to amend the constitution was unfettered. However, in this landmark ruling, the court adjudicated that while parliament has “wide” powers, it did not have the power to destroy or emasculate the basic elements or fundamental features of the constitution

The Supreme Court has been given the power to decide whether a law passed by the Parliament or the State legislatures and the executive decisions taken by the Central or State government is constitutional or not. If such a law or executive decision is found unconstitutional, then it can declare it as invalid.

Correct Option: C

The Supreme Court has been given the power to decide whether a law passed by the Parliament or the State legislatures and the executive decisions taken by the Central or State government is constitutional or not. If such a law or executive decision is found unconstitutional, then it can declare it as invalid.