Public Interest Litigation, or PIL, is defined as the use of litigation, or legal action, which seeks to advance the cause of minority or disadvantaged groups or individuals, or which raises issues of broad public concern. It is litigation introduced in a court of law, not by the aggrieved party but by the court itself or by any other private party. It is not necessary, for the exercise of the court’s jurisdiction, that the person who is the victim of the violation of his or her right should personally approach the court.

Correct Option: C

Public Interest Litigation, or PIL, is defined as the use of litigation, or legal action, which seeks to advance the cause of minority or disadvantaged groups or individuals, or which raises issues of broad public concern. It is litigation introduced in a court of law, not by the aggrieved party but by the court itself or by any other private party. It is not necessary, for the exercise of the court’s jurisdiction, that the person who is the victim of the violation of his or her right should personally approach the court.

According to Article 13 under Indian Constitution, the Supreme Court has original jurisdiction in any dispute:
l between the Government of India and one or more States; or
l between the Government of India and any State of States on one side and one or more other States on the other; or
l between two or more States. If and in so far as the dispute involves any question (whether of law or fact) on which the existence or extent of a legal right depends.

Correct Option: B

According to Article 13 under Indian Constitution, the Supreme Court has original jurisdiction in any dispute:
l between the Government of India and one or more States; or
l between the Government of India and any State of States on one side and one or more other States on the other; or
l between two or more States. If and in so far as the dispute involves any question (whether of law or fact) on which the existence or extent of a legal right depends.

The Supreme Court is the highest court in India and has ultimate judicial authority to interpret the Constitution and decide questions of national law (including local bylaws). It is also vested with the power of judicial review to ensure the application of the rule of law. Besides, as provided in the Keshavananda Bharti case (1973), though parliament has the power to alter or amend any part of the constitution, the Supreme Court has the final authority whether amendment violates or infringes upon the basic structure of the constitution.

Correct Option: B

The Supreme Court is the highest court in India and has ultimate judicial authority to interpret the Constitution and decide questions of national law (including local bylaws). It is also vested with the power of judicial review to ensure the application of the rule of law. Besides, as provided in the Keshavananda Bharti case (1973), though parliament has the power to alter or amend any part of the constitution, the Supreme Court has the final authority whether amendment violates or infringes upon the basic structure of the constitution.

The Supreme Court has special advisory jurisdiction in matters which may specifically be referred to it by the President of India under Article 143 of the Constitution. The Supreme Court “advises” the President by answering the query put before it. The advice given by the Supreme Court is not binding on the President, nor is it “law declared by the Supreme Court”, hence not binding on subordinate courts.

Correct Option: D

The Supreme Court has special advisory jurisdiction in matters which may specifically be referred to it by the President of India under Article 143 of the Constitution. The Supreme Court “advises” the President by answering the query put before it. The advice given by the Supreme Court is not binding on the President, nor is it “law declared by the Supreme Court”, hence not binding on subordinate courts.

Article 76 under the constitution of India provides for the office of the Attorney General for India who is the highest law officer in the country. As the chief law officer of the Government of India, the duties of the AG include the following:
l To give advice to the Government of India upon such legal matters, which are referred to him by the president;
l To perform such other duties of a legal character that are assigned to him by the president;
l To discharge the functions conferred on him by the Constitution or any other law.

Correct Option: B

Article 76 under the constitution of India provides for the office of the Attorney General for India who is the highest law officer in the country. As the chief law officer of the Government of India, the duties of the AG include the following:
l To give advice to the Government of India upon such legal matters, which are referred to him by the president;
l To perform such other duties of a legal character that are assigned to him by the president;
l To discharge the functions conferred on him by the Constitution or any other law.