The Forty-second Amendment of the Constitution of India, enacted in 1976, laid down the Fundamental Duties of Indian citizens to the nation. The amendment inserted Article 51A to create a new part called IV-A in the Constitution, which prescribed the fundamental duties to the citizens.

Correct Option: B

The Forty-second Amendment of the Constitution of India, enacted in 1976, laid down the Fundamental Duties of Indian citizens to the nation. The amendment inserted Article 51A to create a new part called IV-A in the Constitution, which prescribed the fundamental duties to the citizens.

Some fundamental rights apply for persons of any nationality whereas others are available only to the citizens of India. The right to life and personal liberty is available to all people and so is the right to freedom of religion. On the other hand, freedoms of speech and expression and freedom to reside and settle in any part of the country are reserved to citizens alone, including non-resident Indian citizens. Article 15 prohibits discrimination on the grounds only of religion, race, caste, sex, place of birth, or any of them. Article 16 guarantees equality of opportunity in matters of public employment and prevents the State from discriminating against anyone in matters of employment on the grounds only of religion, race, caste, sex, descent, place of birth, place of residence or any of them.

Correct Option: C

Some fundamental rights apply for persons of any nationality whereas others are available only to the citizens of India. The right to life and personal liberty is available to all people and so is the right to freedom of religion. On the other hand, freedoms of speech and expression and freedom to reside and settle in any part of the country are reserved to citizens alone, including non-resident Indian citizens. Article 15 prohibits discrimination on the grounds only of religion, race, caste, sex, place of birth, or any of them. Article 16 guarantees equality of opportunity in matters of public employment and prevents the State from discriminating against anyone in matters of employment on the grounds only of religion, race, caste, sex, descent, place of birth, place of residence or any of them.

The concept of Directive Principles of State Policy was borrowed from the Irish Constitution. Article 45 of the Irish Constitution outlines a number of broad principles of social and economic policy. Its provisions are, however, intended solely “for the general guidance of the Oireachtas”, and “shall not be cognizable by any Court under any of the provisions of this Constitution.”

Correct Option: C

The concept of Directive Principles of State Policy was borrowed from the Irish Constitution. Article 45 of the Irish Constitution outlines a number of broad principles of social and economic policy. Its provisions are, however, intended solely “for the general guidance of the Oireachtas”, and “shall not be cognizable by any Court under any of the provisions of this Constitution.”

Fundamental Rights are those rights and freedoms of the people of India, which enjoy constitutional recognition and guarantee. The Supreme Court of India and State High Courts have the power to enforce Fundamental Rights. Supreme Court is the guardian protector of fundamental rights. The right to move to the courts for securing the fundamental rights is a very valuable right of the people. Citizens can go to the Supreme Court or the high Courts for getting their fundamental rights enforced. It empowers the Courts to issue directions or orders or writs for this purpose.

Correct Option: D

Fundamental Rights are those rights and freedoms of the people of India, which enjoy constitutional recognition and guarantee. The Supreme Court of India and State High Courts have the power to enforce Fundamental Rights. Supreme Court is the guardian protector of fundamental rights. The right to move to the courts for securing the fundamental rights is a very valuable right of the people. Citizens can go to the Supreme Court or the high Courts for getting their fundamental rights enforced. It empowers the Courts to issue directions or orders or writs for this purpose.

The principles have been inspired by the Directive Principles given in the Constitution of Ireland and also by the principles of Gandhism; and relate to social justice, economic welfare, foreign policy, and legal and administrative matters. The makers of the Constitution of India were influenced by the Irish nationalist movement. Hence, the Directive Principles of the Indian constitution have been greatly influenced by the Directive Principles of State Policy.

Correct Option: D

The principles have been inspired by the Directive Principles given in the Constitution of Ireland and also by the principles of Gandhism; and relate to social justice, economic welfare, foreign policy, and legal and administrative matters. The makers of the Constitution of India were influenced by the Irish nationalist movement. Hence, the Directive Principles of the Indian constitution have been greatly influenced by the Directive Principles of State Policy.