Literacy in India is key for socio-economic progress, and the Indian literacy rate grew to 74.04% in 2011 from 12% at the end of British rule in 1947. The level is well below the world average literacy rate of 84%, and India currently has the largest illiterate population of any nation on earth. The 2011 census, however, indicated a 2001-2011 decadal literacy growth of 9.2%, which is the slower than the growth seen during the previous decade. There is a wide gender disparity in the literacy rate in India: effective literacy rates (age 7 and above) in 2011 were 80.9% for men and 64.6% for women. The census provided a positive indication that growth in female literacy rates (11.8%) was substantially faster than in male literacy rates (6.9%) in the 2001-2011 decadal period, which means the gender gap appears to be narrowing.

Correct Option: E

Literacy in India is key for socio-economic progress, and the Indian literacy rate grew to 74.04% in 2011 from 12% at the end of British rule in 1947. The level is well below the world average literacy rate of 84%, and India currently has the largest illiterate population of any nation on earth. The 2011 census, however, indicated a 2001-2011 decadal literacy growth of 9.2%, which is the slower than the growth seen during the previous decade. There is a wide gender disparity in the literacy rate in India: effective literacy rates (age 7 and above) in 2011 were 80.9% for men and 64.6% for women. The census provided a positive indication that growth in female literacy rates (11.8%) was substantially faster than in male literacy rates (6.9%) in the 2001-2011 decadal period, which means the gender gap appears to be narrowing.

The Planning Commission, in March 2012, released the latest poverty estimates for the country showing a decline in the incidence of poverty by 7.3 per cent over the past five years and stating that anyone with a daily consumption expenditure of Rs. 28.35 and Rs. 22.42 in urban and rural areas respectively is above the poverty line. The all-India Head Count Ratio (HCR) has declined by 7.3 percentage points from 37.2% in 2004-05 to 29.8% in 2009-10, with rural poverty declining by 8.0 percentage points from 41.8% to 33.8% and urban poverty declining by 4.8 percentage points from 25.7% to 20.9%.

Correct Option: A

The Planning Commission, in March 2012, released the latest poverty estimates for the country showing a decline in the incidence of poverty by 7.3 per cent over the past five years and stating that anyone with a daily consumption expenditure of Rs. 28.35 and Rs. 22.42 in urban and rural areas respectively is above the poverty line. The all-India Head Count Ratio (HCR) has declined by 7.3 percentage points from 37.2% in 2004-05 to 29.8% in 2009-10, with rural poverty declining by 8.0 percentage points from 41.8% to 33.8% and urban poverty declining by 4.8 percentage points from 25.7% to 20.9%.

Poverty in India is widespread, with the nation estimated to have a third of the world’s poor. In 2011, World Bank stated, 32.7% of the total Indian people fall below the international poverty line of US$ 1.25 per day (PPP) while 68.7% live on less than US$ 2 per day. Odisha is the state with the maximum proportion of poor at 57.2 percent in 2004-05. Odisha is followed by Bihar, Madhya Pradesh (MP), Uttar Pradesh (UP) and Maharashtra, according to data by the Planning Commission of India. While over half the population in the states of Odisha and Bihar operates below the poverty line, Madhya Pradesh is just shy of 50 percent.

Correct Option: A

Poverty in India is widespread, with the nation estimated to have a third of the world’s poor. In 2011, World Bank stated, 32.7% of the total Indian people fall below the international poverty line of US$ 1.25 per day (PPP) while 68.7% live on less than US$ 2 per day. Odisha is the state with the maximum proportion of poor at 57.2 percent in 2004-05. Odisha is followed by Bihar, Madhya Pradesh (MP), Uttar Pradesh (UP) and Maharashtra, according to data by the Planning Commission of India. While over half the population in the states of Odisha and Bihar operates below the poverty line, Madhya Pradesh is just shy of 50 percent.

As per the 2001 Census, Sex ratio (the number of females per 1000 males) for India was 933 females per 1000 males, which was an improvement of 6 points over 927 recorded in 1991 Census. Like the 1991 Census, the highest sex ratio (1058) was reported in Kerala. Haryana reported the lowest sex ratio of 861 among the major states. The number of females per 1000 males in India’s population (census 2011) is 943.

Correct Option: C

As per the 2001 Census, Sex ratio (the number of females per 1000 males) for India was 933 females per 1000 males, which was an improvement of 6 points over 927 recorded in 1991 Census. Like the 1991 Census, the highest sex ratio (1058) was reported in Kerala. Haryana reported the lowest sex ratio of 861 among the major states. The number of females per 1000 males in India’s population (census 2011) is 943.

As per the 2001 Census of India, in a total population of 1027 million in India, about 742 million (or 72.2%) lived in rural areas and 285 million (or 27.8%) lived in urban areas. There had been an increase of 2.1 percentage points in the proportion of urban population in India during 1991-2001. According to 2011 census, population of rural India is 1% and urban India is 68.9%.

Correct Option: B

As per the 2001 Census of India, in a total population of 1027 million in India, about 742 million (or 72.2%) lived in rural areas and 285 million (or 27.8%) lived in urban areas. There had been an increase of 2.1 percentage points in the proportion of urban population in India during 1991-2001. According to 2011 census, population of rural India is 1% and urban India is 68.9%.