According to the thermal theory, during the hot subtropical summers, the massive landmass of the Indian Peninsula heats up at a different rate than the surrounding seas, resulting in a pressure gradient from south to north. This causes the flow of moisture-laden winds from sea to land. On reaching land, these winds rise because of the geographical relief, cooling adiabatically and leading to Orographic rains, better known as the southwest monsoon.

Correct Option: B

According to the thermal theory, during the hot subtropical summers, the massive landmass of the Indian Peninsula heats up at a different rate than the surrounding seas, resulting in a pressure gradient from south to north. This causes the flow of moisture-laden winds from sea to land. On reaching land, these winds rise because of the geographical relief, cooling adiabatically and leading to Orographic rains, better known as the southwest monsoon.

The western side of the Western Ghats rise majestically to over 2500 meters above mean sea level to capture the Arabian sea branch of moisture-laden southwest monsoon winds. The location of these mountain ranges is such that the South-West Monsoon that breaks over the southernmost tip of the peninsula during the last week of May, block the winds and they steadily rise against the mountain to condense rapidly and give copious rains on the western side. Consequently, the eastern side is typically known as the rain shadow region.

Correct Option: B

The western side of the Western Ghats rise majestically to over 2500 meters above mean sea level to capture the Arabian sea branch of moisture-laden southwest monsoon winds. The location of these mountain ranges is such that the South-West Monsoon that breaks over the southernmost tip of the peninsula during the last week of May, block the winds and they steadily rise against the mountain to condense rapidly and give copious rains on the western side. Consequently, the eastern side is typically known as the rain shadow region.

The months of October-November mark a period of transition from hot rainy season to cold dry winter conditions. This period is known as Retreating Monsoon or Transition season because the southwest monsoons weaken and withdraw or retreat from India. The retreat of monsoon is marked by clear skies and rise in temperature. While days are warm, nights are cool and pleasant. Owing to high temperature and high humidity, weather becomes oppressive. This phenomenon is known as ‘October heat.

Correct Option: D

The months of October-November mark a period of transition from hot rainy season to cold dry winter conditions. This period is known as Retreating Monsoon or Transition season because the southwest monsoons weaken and withdraw or retreat from India. The retreat of monsoon is marked by clear skies and rise in temperature. While days are warm, nights are cool and pleasant. Owing to high temperature and high humidity, weather becomes oppressive. This phenomenon is known as ‘October heat.

According to Indian Meteorological Department, when the rainfall deficiency for the country as a whole is more than 10% of normal and more than 20% of the country’s area is affected by drought conditions (rainfall deficit), the situation is defined as an all-India drought year.

Correct Option: B

According to Indian Meteorological Department, when the rainfall deficiency for the country as a whole is more than 10% of normal and more than 20% of the country’s area is affected by drought conditions (rainfall deficit), the situation is defined as an all-India drought year.

The period October to December is referred to as Northeast Monsoon season over peninsular India. It is the major period of rainfall activity over Tamil Nadu as it receives 48% of its annual rainfall during the Northeast monsoon season. Coastal districts of the State get nearly 60% of the annual rainfall and the interior districts get about 40-50% of the annual rainfall.

Correct Option: D

The period October to December is referred to as Northeast Monsoon season over peninsular India. It is the major period of rainfall activity over Tamil Nadu as it receives 48% of its annual rainfall during the Northeast monsoon season. Coastal districts of the State get nearly 60% of the annual rainfall and the interior districts get about 40-50% of the annual rainfall.