Biotechnology Principles and Processes

Biotechnology Principles and Processes

Easy Questions

Advanced Zoology

Animal Kingdom
Structural Organisation in Animals
Digestion and Absorption
Breathing and Exchange of Gases
Body Fluids and Circulation
Excretory Products and their Elimination
Locomotion and Movement
Neural Control and Coordination
Chemical Coordination and Integration
Human Reproduction
Human Health and Disease
Biotechnology Principles and Processes
Biomolecules (Zoology)
Evolution (Zoology)
Biotechnology and its Applications
Reproductive Health
  1. The plasmid








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    The term ‘plasmid’ was introduced by Lederberg in 1952 for extragenomic DNA segment. It is a small circular molecule of DNA found in bacterial cell in addition to the larger circular bacterial DNA.

    Correct Option: D

    The term ‘plasmid’ was introduced by Lederberg in 1952 for extragenomic DNA segment. It is a small circular molecule of DNA found in bacterial cell in addition to the larger circular bacterial DNA.

  1. In bacterial chromosomes, the nucleic acid polymers are








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    Bacterial chromosomes comprises of circular DNA.

    Correct Option: B

    Bacterial chromosomes comprises of circular DNA.

  1. What is true for plasmid?








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    Plasmids are small intranuclear circular DNAs which carry extra chromosomal genes in bacteria.

    Correct Option: A

    Plasmids are small intranuclear circular DNAs which carry extra chromosomal genes in bacteria.

  1. Agarose extracted from sea weeds finds use in:








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    In gel electrophoresis agarose extracted from sea weed used as gel agarose, made of 0.7% gel show good resolution of large DNA and 2% gel will show good resolution of small fragments.

    Correct Option: D

    In gel electrophoresis agarose extracted from sea weed used as gel agarose, made of 0.7% gel show good resolution of large DNA and 2% gel will show good resolution of small fragments.

  1. The figure below shows three steps (A, B, C) of Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR). Select the option giving correct identification together with what it represents?








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    PCR is a technique for enzymatically replicating DNA without using a living organism such as E. coli or yeast. It is commonly used in medical and biological research labs for a variety of tasks like detection of hereditary diseases, identification of genetic fingerprints etc.
    The correct steps shown in the above figure are:
    A – Denaturation at a temperature of about 94° to 98°C. During the denaturation, the double strand melts open to single stranded DNA, and all enzymatic reactions stop.
    B – Annealing (binding of DNA primer to the separated strands. Occurs at 50° to 65°Celsius, which is lower than the optimal temperature of the DNA polymerases)
    C – Extension or elongation of the strands using the DNA primer with heat-stable DNA polymerases, most frequently Taq (Thermus aquaticus) at 72ºC.

    Correct Option: C

    PCR is a technique for enzymatically replicating DNA without using a living organism such as E. coli or yeast. It is commonly used in medical and biological research labs for a variety of tasks like detection of hereditary diseases, identification of genetic fingerprints etc.
    The correct steps shown in the above figure are:
    A – Denaturation at a temperature of about 94° to 98°C. During the denaturation, the double strand melts open to single stranded DNA, and all enzymatic reactions stop.
    B – Annealing (binding of DNA primer to the separated strands. Occurs at 50° to 65°Celsius, which is lower than the optimal temperature of the DNA polymerases)
    C – Extension or elongation of the strands using the DNA primer with heat-stable DNA polymerases, most frequently Taq (Thermus aquaticus) at 72ºC.