Generation of junctional diversity starts as the proteins, recombination activating gene-1 and -2 (RAG1 and RAG2), along with DNA repair proteins, such as Artemis, are responsible for single-stranded cleavage of the hairpin loops and addition of a series
of palindromic, ‘P’ nucleotides. Subsequent to this, the enzyme, terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase (TdT), adds further random ‘N’ nucleotides. The newly synthesised strands anneal to one another, but mismatches are common.

Correct Option: B

Generation of junctional diversity starts as the proteins, recombination activating gene-1 and -2 (RAG1 and RAG2), along with DNA repair proteins, such as Artemis, are responsible for single-stranded cleavage of the hairpin loops and addition of a series
of palindromic, ‘P’ nucleotides. Subsequent to this, the enzyme, terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase (TdT), adds further random ‘N’ nucleotides. The newly synthesised strands anneal to one another, but mismatches are common.

HGH is used in dwarfism, Erythropoetin used in Annemia treatment, Factor VIII is been used in Haemophilia treatment and Plalet derived growth factor used in chemotherapeutic drug induced thrombocytopenia treatment.

Correct Option: A

HGH is used in dwarfism, Erythropoetin used in Annemia treatment, Factor VIII is been used in Haemophilia treatment and Plalet derived growth factor used in chemotherapeutic drug induced thrombocytopenia treatment.

Allelic exclusion has been observed most often in genes for cell surface receptors and has been extensively studied in immune cells such as B lymphocytes. In B lymphocytes, successful heavy chain gene rearrangement of the genetic material from one chromosome results in the shutting down of rearrangement of genetic material from the second chromosome. If no successful rearrangement occurs, rearrangement of genetic material on the second chromosome takes place. If no successful rearrangement occurs on either chromosome, the cell dies. As a result of allelic exclusion, all the antigen receptors on an individual lymphocyte will have the same amino acid sequence in the variable domain of the heavy chain protein. As the specificity of the antigen receptor is modulated by the variable domain of the light chain encoded by one of the immunoglobulin light chain loci, the specificities of B cells containing the same heavy chain recombination event can differ according to their light chain recombination event.

Correct Option: C

Allelic exclusion has been observed most often in genes for cell surface receptors and has been extensively studied in immune cells such as B lymphocytes. In B lymphocytes, successful heavy chain gene rearrangement of the genetic material from one chromosome results in the shutting down of rearrangement of genetic material from the second chromosome. If no successful rearrangement occurs, rearrangement of genetic material on the second chromosome takes place. If no successful rearrangement occurs on either chromosome, the cell dies. As a result of allelic exclusion, all the antigen receptors on an individual lymphocyte will have the same amino acid sequence in the variable domain of the heavy chain protein. As the specificity of the antigen receptor is modulated by the variable domain of the light chain encoded by one of the immunoglobulin light chain loci, the specificities of B cells containing the same heavy chain recombination event can differ according to their light chain recombination event.

Interferons (IFNs) are proteins made and released by host cells in response to the presence of pathogens such as viruses,  bacteria,  parasites ortumor cells. They allow for communication between cells to trigger the protective defenses of the immune system that eradicate pathogens or tumors.

Correct Option: C

Interferons (IFNs) are proteins made and released by host cells in response to the presence of pathogens such as viruses,  bacteria,  parasites ortumor cells. They allow for communication between cells to trigger the protective defenses of the immune system that eradicate pathogens or tumors.

Its cross reactivity free in plant as such antibodies can be susceptible for cross reactivity in animal system.

Correct Option: C

Its cross reactivity free in plant as such antibodies can be susceptible for cross reactivity in animal system.