Bioreactor choice should be dependent upon the kinetic properties if the reactor and its stability condition. Fed batch reactors are semi batch reactor as it holds the nutrient media for a specific retention time. ​

Correct Option: C

Bioreactor choice should be dependent upon the kinetic properties if the reactor and its stability condition. Fed batch reactors are semi batch reactor as it holds the nutrient media for a specific retention time. ​

Assertion : A synchronous or synchronized culture is a microbiological culture or a cell culture that contains cells that are all in the same growth stage.
Reason : Synchronous cultures can be obtained in several ways : ​​
•​ External conditions can be changed, so as to arrest growth of all cells in the culture, and then changed again to resume growth. ​​
• ​Cell growth can also be arrested using chemical growth inhibitors. ​​
•​ Cells in different growth stages have different physical properties. Cells in a culture can thus be physically separated based on their density or size, for instance. This can be achieved using centrifugation (for density) or filtration (for size). ​​
•​ In the Helmstetter-Cummings technique, a bacterial culture is filtered through a membrane. Most bacteria pass through, but some remain bound to the membrane. Fresh medium is then applied to the membrane and the bound bacteria start to grow. Newborn bacteria that detach from the membrane are now all at the same stage of growth; they are collected in a flask that now harbors a synchronous culture.

Correct Option: C

Assertion : A synchronous or synchronized culture is a microbiological culture or a cell culture that contains cells that are all in the same growth stage.
Reason : Synchronous cultures can be obtained in several ways : ​​
•​ External conditions can be changed, so as to arrest growth of all cells in the culture, and then changed again to resume growth. ​​
• ​Cell growth can also be arrested using chemical growth inhibitors. ​​
•​ Cells in different growth stages have different physical properties. Cells in a culture can thus be physically separated based on their density or size, for instance. This can be achieved using centrifugation (for density) or filtration (for size). ​​
•​ In the Helmstetter-Cummings technique, a bacterial culture is filtered through a membrane. Most bacteria pass through, but some remain bound to the membrane. Fresh medium is then applied to the membrane and the bound bacteria start to grow. Newborn bacteria that detach from the membrane are now all at the same stage of growth; they are collected in a flask that now harbors a synchronous culture.

When both the substrates are present in a batch bioreactor, microbial cells do not consume both substrates simultaneously or additively but instead grow on the sugars sequentially. The sequential consumption results in an interesting pattern of the cells first consuming one preferred substrate and then after an intermediate lag phase, consuming the remaining less preferred substrate. That is, the less preferred substrate is not utilized until the preferred substrate is completely consumed and is no longer available in the growth medium. This sequential utilization of two substrates in batch cultures has been observed in numerous experiments by Monod, who has termed this phenomenon as the "diauxic pattern of growth". It has multiple lag phases. ​

Correct Option: B

When both the substrates are present in a batch bioreactor, microbial cells do not consume both substrates simultaneously or additively but instead grow on the sugars sequentially. The sequential consumption results in an interesting pattern of the cells first consuming one preferred substrate and then after an intermediate lag phase, consuming the remaining less preferred substrate. That is, the less preferred substrate is not utilized until the preferred substrate is completely consumed and is no longer available in the growth medium. This sequential utilization of two substrates in batch cultures has been observed in numerous experiments by Monod, who has termed this phenomenon as the "diauxic pattern of growth". It has multiple lag phases. ​

Sparger is being used for the aeration of the medium in bioreactor. Diaphram valve is being used for the air sterilization in large scale animal or microbial cell culture condition. Draft tube has been used for the feed circulation in semi fedbatch culture. Marine type turbine is being used to reduce shear stress on fluid medium in animal cell culture.

Correct Option: B

Sparger is being used for the aeration of the medium in bioreactor. Diaphram valve is being used for the air sterilization in large scale animal or microbial cell culture condition. Draft tube has been used for the feed circulation in semi fedbatch culture. Marine type turbine is being used to reduce shear stress on fluid medium in animal cell culture.

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Correct Option: E

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