A typhoon is a mature tropical cyclone that develops in the northwestern part of the Pacific Ocean between 180° and 100°E. This region is referred to as the northwest Pacific basin. It is common in the China Sea. Hurricanes are common on the east coast of the North America and the adjoining islands. In meteorology, a cyclone is an area of closed, circular fluid motion rotating in the same direction as the Earth. It is common in the Indian Ocean. A tornado is a violently rotating column of air that is in contact with both the surface of the earth and a cumulonimbus cloud or, in rare cases, the base of a cumulus cloud. They are often referred to as twisters or cyclones. Tornadoes have been observed on every continent except Antarctica. However, the vast majority of tornadoes in the world occur in the so-called “Tornado Alley” region of the United States.

Correct Option: D

A typhoon is a mature tropical cyclone that develops in the northwestern part of the Pacific Ocean between 180° and 100°E. This region is referred to as the northwest Pacific basin. It is common in the China Sea. Hurricanes are common on the east coast of the North America and the adjoining islands. In meteorology, a cyclone is an area of closed, circular fluid motion rotating in the same direction as the Earth. It is common in the Indian Ocean. A tornado is a violently rotating column of air that is in contact with both the surface of the earth and a cumulonimbus cloud or, in rare cases, the base of a cumulus cloud. They are often referred to as twisters or cyclones. Tornadoes have been observed on every continent except Antarctica. However, the vast majority of tornadoes in the world occur in the so-called “Tornado Alley” region of the United States.

This statement is about the Central Asian Steppes. Central Asia is the core region of the Asian continent and stretches from the Caspian Sea in the west to China in the east and from Afghanistan in the south to Russia in the north. It is also sometimes referred to as Middle Asia, and, colloquially, “the ‘stans” (as the five countries generally considered to be within the region all have names ending with the Persian suffix “-stan”, meaning “land of”) and is within the scope of the wider Eurasian continent. Central Asia has historically been closely tied to its nomadic peoples and the Silk Road. Central Asia has the following geographic extremes: world’s northernmost desert (sand dunes), at Buurug Deliin Els, Mongolia; the Northern Hemisphere’s southernmost permafrost, at Erdenetsogt sum, Mongolia; world’s shortest distance between non-frozen desert and permafrost: 770 km; and the Eurasian pole of inaccessibility. A majority of the people earn a living by herding livestock. Industrial activity centers in the region’s cities.

Correct Option: B

This statement is about the Central Asian Steppes. Central Asia is the core region of the Asian continent and stretches from the Caspian Sea in the west to China in the east and from Afghanistan in the south to Russia in the north. It is also sometimes referred to as Middle Asia, and, colloquially, “the ‘stans” (as the five countries generally considered to be within the region all have names ending with the Persian suffix “-stan”, meaning “land of”) and is within the scope of the wider Eurasian continent. Central Asia has historically been closely tied to its nomadic peoples and the Silk Road. Central Asia has the following geographic extremes: world’s northernmost desert (sand dunes), at Buurug Deliin Els, Mongolia; the Northern Hemisphere’s southernmost permafrost, at Erdenetsogt sum, Mongolia; world’s shortest distance between non-frozen desert and permafrost: 770 km; and the Eurasian pole of inaccessibility. A majority of the people earn a living by herding livestock. Industrial activity centers in the region’s cities.

Currently, the tallest dam in the world is the Nurek Dam, an embankment dam in Tajikistan at 300 m high. The tallest arch dam is the recently completed 292 m high Xiaowan Dam in China. For gravity dams, the tallest is the 285 m high Grande Dixence Dam in Switzerland. When completed, a 335 m tall Rogun Dam also in Tajikistan could be the tallest, depending on the chosen design. Next in line is the 312 m Shuangjiangkou Dam currently under construction in China. Natural landslide dams are also quite competitive in height but not listed here. In particular, the highest natural dam, Usoi Dam, is higher than the highest existing man-made one. The Bhakra Dam is a concrete gravity dam across the Sutlej River, and is near the border between Punjab and Himachal Pradesh in northern India. The dam, at (226 m), is one of the highest gravity dams in the world (compared to USA’s largest Hoover Dam at 743 ft).

Correct Option: C

Currently, the tallest dam in the world is the Nurek Dam, an embankment dam in Tajikistan at 300 m high. The tallest arch dam is the recently completed 292 m high Xiaowan Dam in China. For gravity dams, the tallest is the 285 m high Grande Dixence Dam in Switzerland. When completed, a 335 m tall Rogun Dam also in Tajikistan could be the tallest, depending on the chosen design. Next in line is the 312 m Shuangjiangkou Dam currently under construction in China. Natural landslide dams are also quite competitive in height but not listed here. In particular, the highest natural dam, Usoi Dam, is higher than the highest existing man-made one. The Bhakra Dam is a concrete gravity dam across the Sutlej River, and is near the border between Punjab and Himachal Pradesh in northern India. The dam, at (226 m), is one of the highest gravity dams in the world (compared to USA’s largest Hoover Dam at 743 ft).

The amount of precipitation in a given region depends on the amount of available atmospheric water vapour (precipitable water), as well as on the processes that cause condensation, in particular the uplift of air associated with cyclones and fronts, as well as convection. If all the water vapour in the atmosphere were condensed, the earth’s surface would be covered, on average, with a 25 mm layer of water. However, since the amount of water vapour the atmosphere can hold decreases with decreasing temperature, the amount of water that can be condensed from the air generally decreases with latitude. In general, the amount of precipitable water in the humid tropics is more than 40 mm, while near the pole; it is often less than 5 mm. The Polar Regions are the coldest places on Earth and differ the most from every other habitat on the planet. During the summer months, the days receive 24 hours of pure sunshine, but during the winter, the sun is barely seen at all. There is very little rainfall in the Polar Regions, mainly because it is so cold, that there is very little water in the air. The average annual rainfall is less than 250 mm.

Correct Option: C

The amount of precipitation in a given region depends on the amount of available atmospheric water vapour (precipitable water), as well as on the processes that cause condensation, in particular the uplift of air associated with cyclones and fronts, as well as convection. If all the water vapour in the atmosphere were condensed, the earth’s surface would be covered, on average, with a 25 mm layer of water. However, since the amount of water vapour the atmosphere can hold decreases with decreasing temperature, the amount of water that can be condensed from the air generally decreases with latitude. In general, the amount of precipitable water in the humid tropics is more than 40 mm, while near the pole; it is often less than 5 mm. The Polar Regions are the coldest places on Earth and differ the most from every other habitat on the planet. During the summer months, the days receive 24 hours of pure sunshine, but during the winter, the sun is barely seen at all. There is very little rainfall in the Polar Regions, mainly because it is so cold, that there is very little water in the air. The average annual rainfall is less than 250 mm.

An archipelago, sometimes called an island group or island chain, is a chain or cluster of islands. Archipelagos may be found isolated in bodies of water or neighbouring a large land mass. Indonesia is the world’s largest archipelago with over 13,000 islands & totals around 18,000 islands. The Malay Archipelago (or Indonesian Archipelago) is often referred to as the largest archipelago in the world, but this is meant by area rather than number of islands. This title aptly represents its 25,000 - 30,000 or so islands which span 5,400 kilometres eastward from Sabang in northern Sumatra to Merauke in Irian Jaya (now known as Papua).

Correct Option: B

An archipelago, sometimes called an island group or island chain, is a chain or cluster of islands. Archipelagos may be found isolated in bodies of water or neighbouring a large land mass. Indonesia is the world’s largest archipelago with over 13,000 islands & totals around 18,000 islands. The Malay Archipelago (or Indonesian Archipelago) is often referred to as the largest archipelago in the world, but this is meant by area rather than number of islands. This title aptly represents its 25,000 - 30,000 or so islands which span 5,400 kilometres eastward from Sabang in northern Sumatra to Merauke in Irian Jaya (now known as Papua).