Bioenergetics and Metabolism Miscellaneous
Direction: A solution was prepared by dissolving 100 mg of protein X in 100 ml of water.
Molecular weight of protein X is 15,000 Da; Avogadro’s number = 6.022 × 1023.
- Calculate the molarity (µM) of the resulting solution.
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Given, Molecular weight of the Protein X, m = 15,000
Da = 15,000 g/mol = 15 mg/mol
Weight of the Protein in solution, W = 100 mg
Volume of the solution, V = 100 mL
Therefore, molarity of the solution = (W/m) × (1000/V) M
= (100/15) × (1000/100)
= 66.67 MCorrect Option: A
Given, Molecular weight of the Protein X, m = 15,000
Da = 15,000 g/mol = 15 mg/mol
Weight of the Protein in solution, W = 100 mg
Volume of the solution, V = 100 mL
Therefore, molarity of the solution = (W/m) × (1000/V) M
= (100/15) × (1000/100)
= 66.67 M
- The most plausible explanation for a sudden increase of the respiratory quotient (RQ) of a microbial culture is that
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High density culture is dependent upon high levels of available dissolved oxygen at times of maximum growth (using cascades of process parameter such as stirrer speed, gas flow and oxygen supplementation) or control of feed to match the quantity of substrate which is already present in the bulk culture. In a microbial culture, microbial metabolism is controlled on the basis of respiratory quotient (R.Q.). If, however, there occurs a sudden increase in the R.Q. of the microbial culture, it implies that rate of fermentation is increasing more than that of the rate of respiration.
Correct Option: C
High density culture is dependent upon high levels of available dissolved oxygen at times of maximum growth (using cascades of process parameter such as stirrer speed, gas flow and oxygen supplementation) or control of feed to match the quantity of substrate which is already present in the bulk culture. In a microbial culture, microbial metabolism is controlled on the basis of respiratory quotient (R.Q.). If, however, there occurs a sudden increase in the R.Q. of the microbial culture, it implies that rate of fermentation is increasing more than that of the rate of respiration.
- The equilibrium potential of a biological membrane for Na+ is 55 mV at 37°C. Concentration of Na+ inside the cell is 20 mM. Assuming the membrane is permeable to Na+ only, the Na+ concentration outside the membrane will be _________ mM.
(Faraday constant: 23062 cal.V–1.mol–1, Gas constant: 1.98 cal.mol–1.K–1)
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EeqNa' = RT In 
[Na']n 
ZF [Na']
Given EeqNa+ = 55 mV = 55 × 10–3 V
R = 1.98 cal mol–1 K–1
T = 273 + 37 = 310 K
F = 23062 cal V–1 mol–1
[Na+]i = 20 mM.
Z = 1∴ 55 × 10-3 = 1.98 × 310 In 
[Na-]0 
1 × 23062 20
∴ [Na']0 = 20 × 7.897 = 157.94 mMCorrect Option: A
EeqNa' = RT In [Na']n ZF [Na']
Given EeqNa+ = 55 mV = 55 × 10–3 V
R = 1.98 cal mol–1 K–1
T = 273 + 37 = 310 K
F = 23062 cal V–1 mol–1
[Na+]i = 20 mM.
Z = 1∴ 55 × 10-3 = 1.98 × 310 In [Na-]0 1 × 23062 20
∴ [Na']0 = 20 × 7.897 = 157.94 mM
- Match the compounds in Group I with the correct entries in Group II.
Group I Group II P. Cyanide 1. K' ionophore Q. Antimycin A 2. Electron transfer from cytochrome b to cytochrome c1 R. Valinomycin 3. F1 subunit of ATP synthase S. Aurovertin 4. Cytochrome oxidase 5. Adenine nucleotide trans-locase
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Group I Group II P. Cyanide 4. Cytochrome oxidase Q. Antimycin A 2. Electron transfer from cytochrome b to cytochrome c1 R. Valinomycin 1. K+ ionophore S. Aurovertin 3. F1 subunit of ATP synthase Correct Option: C
Group I Group II P. Cyanide 4. Cytochrome oxidase Q. Antimycin A 2. Electron transfer from cytochrome b to cytochrome c1 R. Valinomycin 1. K+ ionophore S. Aurovertin 3. F1 subunit of ATP synthase
- Match the vitamins in Group I with the processes/reactions in Group II.
Group I Group II P. Pantothenic acid 1. Electron transport Q. Vitamin B2 2. Transfer of 1-C units R. Vitamin B6 3. Decarboxylation S. Folic acid 4. Fatty acid metabolism 5. Hydrolysis
Codes :
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Pantothenic acid, also called pantothenate or vitamin B5, is a water-soluble vitamin. Pantothenic acid is used in the synthesis of coenzyme A (CoA). CoA is also important in the biosynthesis of many important compounds such as fatty acids, cholesterol, and acetylcholine.
Riboflavin is a water-soluble B vitamin, also known as vitamin B2. In the body, riboflavin is primarily found as an integral component of the coenzymes, flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD) and flavin mononucleotide (FMN). FAD is part of the electron transport (respiratory) chain, which is central to energy production.
Vitamin B6 is a water-soluble vitamin and is part of the vitamin B complex group. Several forms of the vitamin are known, but pyridoxal phosphate (PLP) is the active form and is a cofactor in many reactions of amino acid metabolism, including transamination, deamination, and decarboxylation.
Folic acid is a B vitamin. It helps the body make healthy new cells. Transfer of 1-C units is important for many biosynthetic reactions. To carry out the transfer of 1-carbon units, NADPH must reduce folic acid two times in the cell.Correct Option: B
Pantothenic acid, also called pantothenate or vitamin B5, is a water-soluble vitamin. Pantothenic acid is used in the synthesis of coenzyme A (CoA). CoA is also important in the biosynthesis of many important compounds such as fatty acids, cholesterol, and acetylcholine.
Riboflavin is a water-soluble B vitamin, also known as vitamin B2. In the body, riboflavin is primarily found as an integral component of the coenzymes, flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD) and flavin mononucleotide (FMN). FAD is part of the electron transport (respiratory) chain, which is central to energy production.
Vitamin B6 is a water-soluble vitamin and is part of the vitamin B complex group. Several forms of the vitamin are known, but pyridoxal phosphate (PLP) is the active form and is a cofactor in many reactions of amino acid metabolism, including transamination, deamination, and decarboxylation.
Folic acid is a B vitamin. It helps the body make healthy new cells. Transfer of 1-C units is important for many biosynthetic reactions. To carry out the transfer of 1-carbon units, NADPH must reduce folic acid two times in the cell.
