Bioenergetics and Metabolism Miscellaneous


Bioenergetics and Metabolism Miscellaneous

Bioenergetics and Metabolism

  1. During photorespiration under low CO2 and high O2 levels, O2 reacts with ribulose 1, 5 - bisphosphate to yield









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    During photo respiration under low CO2 and high O2 reacts with ribulose– 1, 5 bisphosphate to yield-one molecule each of 3-phosphoglycerate and 2-phosphoglycolate.

    Correct Option: A

    During photo respiration under low CO2 and high O2 reacts with ribulose– 1, 5 bisphosphate to yield-one molecule each of 3-phosphoglycerate and 2-phosphoglycolate.


Direction: A solution was prepared by dissolving 100 mg of protein X in 100 ml of water.
Molecular weight of protein X is 15,000 Da; Avogadro’s number = 6.022 × 1023.

  1. Calculate the molarity (µM) of the resulting solution.









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    Given, Molecular weight of the Protein X, m = 15,000
    Da = 15,000 g/mol = 15 mg/mol
    Weight of the Protein in solution, W = 100 mg
    Volume of the solution, V = 100 mL
    Therefore, molarity of the solution = (W/m) × (1000/V) M
    = (100/15) × (1000/100)
    = 66.67 M

    Correct Option: A

    Given, Molecular weight of the Protein X, m = 15,000
    Da = 15,000 g/mol = 15 mg/mol
    Weight of the Protein in solution, W = 100 mg
    Volume of the solution, V = 100 mL
    Therefore, molarity of the solution = (W/m) × (1000/V) M
    = (100/15) × (1000/100)
    = 66.67 M



  1. The number of moleculespresent in this solution is











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    Number of moles present in the solution of protein = (100/15) = 6.667 moles
    Number of molecules present in the solution = no. of moles × Avogadro’s number
    = 6.667 × 6.022 × 1022  
    = 40.146 × 1022 molecules

    Correct Option: E

    Number of moles present in the solution of protein = (100/15) = 6.667 moles
    Number of molecules present in the solution = no. of moles × Avogadro’s number
    = 6.667 × 6.022 × 1022  
    = 40.146 × 1022 molecules


  1. Match the entries in Group I with the enzymes in Group II.
    Group IGroup II
    P. NAD+1. Glutathione peroxidase
    Q. Selenium2. Nitrogenase
    R. Pyridoxal3. Lactate dehydrogenase phosphate
    S. Molybdenum4. Glycogen phosphorylase









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    Lactate dehydrogenase (NAD+ oxidoreductase) is a ubiquitous enzyme among vertebrates and carries out the reaction: NAD+ + lactate <=> NADH + Pyruvate. Glycogen Phosphorylase catalyzes phosphorolytic cleavage of α (1, 4) glycosidic linkages of glycogen, releasing glucose-1-phosphate as the reaction product. Pyridoxal phosphate (PLP), a derivative of vitamin B6, serves as prosthetic group for Glycogen Phosphorylase. Nitrogenase is a two-protein complex. One component, called Nitrogenase Reductase (NR) is an iron-containing protein that accepts accepts electrons from ferredoxin, a strong reductant, and then delivers them to the other component, called Nitrogenase, or Iron-Molybdenum protein. There are several proteins in mammalian cells that can metabolize hydrogen peroxide and lipid hydroperoxides. These proteins include four selenium-containing glutathione peroxidases that are found in different cell fractions and tissues of the body. These proteins are called glutathione peroxidases.

    Correct Option: C

    Lactate dehydrogenase (NAD+ oxidoreductase) is a ubiquitous enzyme among vertebrates and carries out the reaction: NAD+ + lactate <=> NADH + Pyruvate. Glycogen Phosphorylase catalyzes phosphorolytic cleavage of α (1, 4) glycosidic linkages of glycogen, releasing glucose-1-phosphate as the reaction product. Pyridoxal phosphate (PLP), a derivative of vitamin B6, serves as prosthetic group for Glycogen Phosphorylase. Nitrogenase is a two-protein complex. One component, called Nitrogenase Reductase (NR) is an iron-containing protein that accepts accepts electrons from ferredoxin, a strong reductant, and then delivers them to the other component, called Nitrogenase, or Iron-Molybdenum protein. There are several proteins in mammalian cells that can metabolize hydrogen peroxide and lipid hydroperoxides. These proteins include four selenium-containing glutathione peroxidases that are found in different cell fractions and tissues of the body. These proteins are called glutathione peroxidases.



  1. Match the entries in Group I with the process parameters in Group II.
    Group IGroup II
    P. Clark electrode1. Liquid level
    Q. Redox probe2. Dissolved oxygen concentration
    R. Load cell3. Vessel pressure
    S. Diaphragm gauge4. pH (anaerobic process)

    Codes :









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    The Clark electrode is an electrode that measures oxygen on a catalytic platinum surface using the net reaction:
    O2 + 4e + 2H2O → 4OH
    These are also known as dissolved oxygen electrodes.
    Redox probe also known as a pH probe is used for the measurement of pH.
    A load cell is a transducer that is used to create an electrical signal whose magnitude is directly proportional to the force being measured. It can be used to measure the liquid levels. To measure level, the load cell must be incorporated into the vessel's support structure.
    The Diaphragm Pressure Gage uses the elastic deformation of a diaphragm (i.e. membrane) instead of a liquid level to measure the difference between an unknown pressure and a reference pressure.

    Correct Option: C

    The Clark electrode is an electrode that measures oxygen on a catalytic platinum surface using the net reaction:
    O2 + 4e + 2H2O → 4OH
    These are also known as dissolved oxygen electrodes.
    Redox probe also known as a pH probe is used for the measurement of pH.
    A load cell is a transducer that is used to create an electrical signal whose magnitude is directly proportional to the force being measured. It can be used to measure the liquid levels. To measure level, the load cell must be incorporated into the vessel's support structure.
    The Diaphragm Pressure Gage uses the elastic deformation of a diaphragm (i.e. membrane) instead of a liquid level to measure the difference between an unknown pressure and a reference pressure.