Principles of Inheritance and Variation


  1. In a population of 1000 individuals 360 belong to genotype AA, 480 to Aa and the remaining 160 to aa. Based on this data, the frequency of allele A in the population is:









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    According to Hardy Weinberg principle.
    p2 + 2pq + q2 = 1; (p + q)2 = 1
    (AA) p2 = 360 out of 1000 individual or p2 = 36 out of 100.
    q2 = 160 out of 1000 or q2 = 16 out of 100
    so q = √.16 = .4, As p + q = 1
    so p is 0.6.

    Correct Option: C

    According to Hardy Weinberg principle.
    p2 + 2pq + q2 = 1; (p + q)2 = 1
    (AA) p2 = 360 out of 1000 individual or p2 = 36 out of 100.
    q2 = 160 out of 1000 or q2 = 16 out of 100
    so q = √.16 = .4, As p + q = 1
    so p is 0.6.


  1. If two persons with ‘AB’ blood group marry and have sufficiently large number of children these children could be classified as ‘A’ blood group: ‘AB’ blood group: ‘B’ blood group in 1: 2: 1 ratio. Modern technique of protein electrophoresis reveals presence of both ‘A’ and ‘B’ type proteins in ‘AB’ blood group individuals. This is an example of:









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    ABO blood group system in human beings is an example of codominant, dominant recessive and multiple alletes. Blood groups are controlled by the gene I located on 9th chromosome that has 3 multiple alleles, out of which any two are found in a person. In codominance both gene express it self completely.

    Correct Option: D

    ABO blood group system in human beings is an example of codominant, dominant recessive and multiple alletes. Blood groups are controlled by the gene I located on 9th chromosome that has 3 multiple alleles, out of which any two are found in a person. In codominance both gene express it self completely.



  1. Which Mendelian idea is depicted by a cross in which the F1 generation resembles both the parents?









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    In Co-dominance F1 generation resemble both the parents. Ex: Blood group inheritance.

    Correct Option: C

    In Co-dominance F1 generation resemble both the parents. Ex: Blood group inheritance.


  1. Which of the following statements is not true of two genes that show 50% recombination frequency?









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    Tightly linked genes show more linkage then crossing over.

    Correct Option: A

    Tightly linked genes show more linkage then crossing over.



  1. F2 generation in a Mendelian cross showed that both genotypic and phenotypic ratios are same as 1: 2: 1. It represents a case of:









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    Incomplete (partial or mosaic) dominance is the phenomenon where none of the two contrasting alleles or factors is dominant. The expression of the character in a hybrid or F1 individual is intermediate or a fine mixture of the expression of the two factors (as found in homozygous state). Incomplete or mosaic inheritance is not an example of premendelian concept of blending inheritance because the parental types reappear in the F2 generation. It is however, considered by some workers to be an example of quantitative inheritance where only a single gene pair is involved. F2 phenotypic ratio is 1: 2: 1, similar to genotypic ratio.

    Correct Option: D

    Incomplete (partial or mosaic) dominance is the phenomenon where none of the two contrasting alleles or factors is dominant. The expression of the character in a hybrid or F1 individual is intermediate or a fine mixture of the expression of the two factors (as found in homozygous state). Incomplete or mosaic inheritance is not an example of premendelian concept of blending inheritance because the parental types reappear in the F2 generation. It is however, considered by some workers to be an example of quantitative inheritance where only a single gene pair is involved. F2 phenotypic ratio is 1: 2: 1, similar to genotypic ratio.