The biological methods of soil conservation include contour farming, strip cropping, tillage operation, mulching, etc. Contour farming is practised in the hilly regions or on the slopes. The contours (circular or peripheral furrows) catch the downwardly moving water until it is absorbed in the soil. It reduces run off, saves more water for crops, and reduces soil erosion.

Correct Option: A

The biological methods of soil conservation include contour farming, strip cropping, tillage operation, mulching, etc. Contour farming is practised in the hilly regions or on the slopes. The contours (circular or peripheral furrows) catch the downwardly moving water until it is absorbed in the soil. It reduces run off, saves more water for crops, and reduces soil erosion.

The biosphere is the global ecological system integrating all living beings and their relationships, including their interaction with the elements of the lithosphere, geosphere, hydrosphere, and atmosphere. It is termed the zone of life on Earth.

Correct Option: B

The biosphere is the global ecological system integrating all living beings and their relationships, including their interaction with the elements of the lithosphere, geosphere, hydrosphere, and atmosphere. It is termed the zone of life on Earth.

Endemism is the ecological state of a species being unique to a defined geographic location, such as an island, nation, country or other defined zone, or habitat type. Species found in such restricted geographical area are called endemic species.

Correct Option: B

Endemism is the ecological state of a species being unique to a defined geographic location, such as an island, nation, country or other defined zone, or habitat type. Species found in such restricted geographical area are called endemic species.

The development of plants into diverse and distinctive forms is mainly due to climatic factors such as temperature, precipitation, etc, which are in turn responsible for the variations in soil types. As seen in Koeppen’s classification, we can identify different climates by the types of plants that grow there.

Correct Option: A

The development of plants into diverse and distinctive forms is mainly due to climatic factors such as temperature, precipitation, etc, which are in turn responsible for the variations in soil types. As seen in Koeppen’s classification, we can identify different climates by the types of plants that grow there.

Polar climates feature long and dark winter periods with extremely cold temperatures. Rainfall is low, and the deeper soil layers stay frozen all year round. These harsh conditions combined result in treeless, sparse vegetation, which includes shrubs, lichens and mosses, during summer months. This typical vegetation linked to polar climates is called tundra.

Correct Option: C

Polar climates feature long and dark winter periods with extremely cold temperatures. Rainfall is low, and the deeper soil layers stay frozen all year round. These harsh conditions combined result in treeless, sparse vegetation, which includes shrubs, lichens and mosses, during summer months. This typical vegetation linked to polar climates is called tundra.