The phylum Proteobacteria is the largest and most diverse group of bacteria. They have many different shapes and ways of living. Some are free-living, some are parasitic, and others form mutualistic relationships with other organisms, such as those found in the rumen. Many Proteobacteria are responsible for diseases in animals and humans. The largest and most diverse Bacterial phylum is the Proteobacteria. All are Gram-negative and show relationship based on 16s RNA comparison. ​

Correct Option: D

The phylum Proteobacteria is the largest and most diverse group of bacteria. They have many different shapes and ways of living. Some are free-living, some are parasitic, and others form mutualistic relationships with other organisms, such as those found in the rumen. Many Proteobacteria are responsible for diseases in animals and humans. The largest and most diverse Bacterial phylum is the Proteobacteria. All are Gram-negative and show relationship based on 16s RNA comparison. ​

Mostly, Glutamic acid is produced by the species of Corynebacterium particularly Corynebacterium lilium. Klebsiella oxytoca produces butanol and in this case 2, 3-butane-diol. Citric acid is a common product of fermentation of the fungi Aspergillus niger. Alkaligenes eutrophus commonly produces butyric acids along with other derivatives through its fermentation. ​

Correct Option: B

Mostly, Glutamic acid is produced by the species of Corynebacterium particularly Corynebacterium lilium. Klebsiella oxytoca produces butanol and in this case 2, 3-butane-diol. Citric acid is a common product of fermentation of the fungi Aspergillus niger. Alkaligenes eutrophus commonly produces butyric acids along with other derivatives through its fermentation. ​

Its complex genome and advanced splicing machinery makes it as a choice of industrial exploitation. Its been used for wine making, baking and brewing since ancient times. It is believed that it was originally isolated from the skin of grapes (one can see the yeast as a component of the thin white film on the skins of some dark-colored fruits such as plums; it exists among the waxes of the cuticle). It is one of the most intensively studied eukaryotic model organisms in molecular and cell biology, much like Escherichia coli as the model bacterium. It is the microorganism behind the most common type of fermentation.

Correct Option: B

Its complex genome and advanced splicing machinery makes it as a choice of industrial exploitation. Its been used for wine making, baking and brewing since ancient times. It is believed that it was originally isolated from the skin of grapes (one can see the yeast as a component of the thin white film on the skins of some dark-colored fruits such as plums; it exists among the waxes of the cuticle). It is one of the most intensively studied eukaryotic model organisms in molecular and cell biology, much like Escherichia coli as the model bacterium. It is the microorganism behind the most common type of fermentation.

The Gram negative cell envelope contains an additional outer membrane composed by phospholipids and lipopolysaccharides which face the external environment. The highly charged nature of lipopolysaccharide confers an overall negative charge to the Gram negative cell wall. Lipopolysaccharide is comprised of a hydrophilic polysaccharide and a hydrophobic component known as lipid A which is responsible for the major bioactivity of endotoxin. Lipopolysaccharide can be recognized by immune cells as a pathogen-associated molecule through Toll-like receptor 4. Lipid A usually gets attached to the core polysaccharide of Gram negative cell wall. ​

Correct Option: B

The Gram negative cell envelope contains an additional outer membrane composed by phospholipids and lipopolysaccharides which face the external environment. The highly charged nature of lipopolysaccharide confers an overall negative charge to the Gram negative cell wall. Lipopolysaccharide is comprised of a hydrophilic polysaccharide and a hydrophobic component known as lipid A which is responsible for the major bioactivity of endotoxin. Lipopolysaccharide can be recognized by immune cells as a pathogen-associated molecule through Toll-like receptor 4. Lipid A usually gets attached to the core polysaccharide of Gram negative cell wall. ​

Gas-vacuoles consisting of collections of gas-cylinders, and continuity of the plasma membrane with lamellae, are observed at all stages of growth of Anabaena flos-aquae. It is known to produce endotoxins, the toxic chemicals released when cells die. Once released (lysed), and ingested, these toxins can damage liver and nerve tissues in mammals.

Correct Option: A

Gas-vacuoles consisting of collections of gas-cylinders, and continuity of the plasma membrane with lamellae, are observed at all stages of growth of Anabaena flos-aquae. It is known to produce endotoxins, the toxic chemicals released when cells die. Once released (lysed), and ingested, these toxins can damage liver and nerve tissues in mammals.