Oil spills in seas and oceans can be remedied by the use of certain special kinds of bacteria which degrade polyhydrocarbons. Such bacteria are utilized in the process of bioremediation to prevent serious impacts on marine environment caused by spillage. Such bacteria require nitrogen and phosphorus as major supplement for enhancing the rate of degradation of saturated and unsaturated hydrocarbons.

Correct Option: B

Oil spills in seas and oceans can be remedied by the use of certain special kinds of bacteria which degrade polyhydrocarbons. Such bacteria are utilized in the process of bioremediation to prevent serious impacts on marine environment caused by spillage. Such bacteria require nitrogen and phosphorus as major supplement for enhancing the rate of degradation of saturated and unsaturated hydrocarbons.

Gram positive bacteria have a thick layer of peptidoglycan as their cell wall which provides strength and support to the bacteria. Complement-mediated lysis and attack system is based on the formation of complement proteins which form membrane attack complex that insert into the plasma membrane of the cell and undergo cell lysis. But, due to the thick protection of gram positive bacteria by peptidoglycan on the outer cell membrane, complement proteins cannot enter the cell and cause lysis.

Correct Option: A

Gram positive bacteria have a thick layer of peptidoglycan as their cell wall which provides strength and support to the bacteria. Complement-mediated lysis and attack system is based on the formation of complement proteins which form membrane attack complex that insert into the plasma membrane of the cell and undergo cell lysis. But, due to the thick protection of gram positive bacteria by peptidoglycan on the outer cell membrane, complement proteins cannot enter the cell and cause lysis.

Gram-positive anaerobic cocci (GPAC) are a heterogeneous group of organisms defined by their morphological appearance which are spherical-shaped bacterium. ​​
Given, diameter of the cocci = 2µm
​​Therefore, radius = 1µm ​​
Hence, surface area : volume of the cocci = 4πr² / (4 / 3πr³) = 3 / r = 3 µm ​

Correct Option: D

Gram-positive anaerobic cocci (GPAC) are a heterogeneous group of organisms defined by their morphological appearance which are spherical-shaped bacterium. ​​
Given, diameter of the cocci = 2µm
​​Therefore, radius = 1µm ​​
Hence, surface area : volume of the cocci = 4πr² / (4 / 3πr³) = 3 / r = 3 µm ​

Correct Option: D

The phylum Proteobacteria is the largest and most diverse group of bacteria. They have many different shapes and ways of living. Some are free-living, some are parasitic, and others form mutualistic relationships with other organisms, such as those found in the rumen. Many Proteobacteria are responsible for diseases in animals and humans. The largest and most diverse Bacterial phylum is the Proteobacteria. All are Gram-negative and show relationship based on 16s RNA comparison. ​

Correct Option: D

The phylum Proteobacteria is the largest and most diverse group of bacteria. They have many different shapes and ways of living. Some are free-living, some are parasitic, and others form mutualistic relationships with other organisms, such as those found in the rumen. Many Proteobacteria are responsible for diseases in animals and humans. The largest and most diverse Bacterial phylum is the Proteobacteria. All are Gram-negative and show relationship based on 16s RNA comparison. ​