I. At the end of the admission season, a considerably large

I. At the end of the admission season, a considerably large number of seats across all specializations in the engineering colleges are lying vacant .
II. Engineering colleges are sprucing up their infrastructure and attracting more qualified teachers.

1. If statement I is the cause and statement II is its effect
2. If statement II is the cause and statement I is its effect
3. If both the statements I and II are independent causes.
4. If both the statements I and II are effects of independent causes.
5. If both the statements I and II are effects of some common cause.

Because of the fewer number of students, there is competition between the engineering colleges, and hence the effect given in II.