Work, Energy and Power
- Two bodies of masses m and 4 m are moving with equal K.E. The ratio of their linear momenta is
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m1 = m, m2 = 4 m
K . E1 = K . E21 m1v12 = 1 m2v22 ; 1 mv12 = 1 mv22 2 2 2 2 v1 = 2 ⇒ v1 = 2v2 v2 Linear momentum of first body Linear momentum of second body = m1v1 = m .2v2 = 1 m2v2 4mv2 2
Correct Option: C
m1 = m, m2 = 4 m
K . E1 = K . E21 m1v12 = 1 m2v22 ; 1 mv12 = 1 mv22 2 2 2 2 v1 = 2 ⇒ v1 = 2v2 v2 Linear momentum of first body Linear momentum of second body = m1v1 = m .2v2 = 1 m2v2 4mv2 2
- The kinetic energy acquired by a mass (m) in travelling distance (s) starting from rest under the action of a constant force is directly proportional to
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K.E. = 1 mv2 2
Further, v2 = u2 + 2as = 0 + 2ad = 2ad
= 2(F / m)dHence , K.E. = 1 m × 2(F / m)d = Fd 2
or, K.E. acquired = Work done
= F × d = constant. i.e., it is independent of mass m.Correct Option: D
K.E. = 1 mv2 2
Further, v2 = u2 + 2as = 0 + 2ad = 2ad
= 2(F / m)dHence , K.E. = 1 m × 2(F / m)d = Fd 2
or, K.E. acquired = Work done
= F × d = constant. i.e., it is independent of mass m.
- If the momentum of a body is increased by 50%, then the percentage increase in its kinetic energy is
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Initial momentum (p1) = p; Final momentum (p2) = 1.5 p and initial kinetic energy (K1) = K.
Kinetic energy (K) = p2 ∝ p2 2m or, K1 = p1 2 = p 2 = 1 K2 p2 1.5 p 2.25
or, K2 = 2.25 K.
Therefore, increase in kinetic energy is 2.25 K – K = 1.25 K or 125%.
Correct Option: C
Initial momentum (p1) = p; Final momentum (p2) = 1.5 p and initial kinetic energy (K1) = K.
Kinetic energy (K) = p2 ∝ p2 2m or, K1 = p1 2 = p 2 = 1 K2 p2 1.5 p 2.25
or, K2 = 2.25 K.
Therefore, increase in kinetic energy is 2.25 K – K = 1.25 K or 125%.
- Consider a car moving along a straight horizantal road with a speed of 72 km/h. If the coefficient of static friction between road and tyres is 0.5, the shortest distance in which the car can be stopped is
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Force due to friction = kinetic energy
μ mg s = 1 mv2 2
[ Here, v = 72 km/h= 72000 = 20 m/s ] 60 × 60 or , s = v2 = 20 × 20 = 40 m 2μg 2 × 0.5 × 10
Correct Option: B
Force due to friction = kinetic energy
μ mg s = 1 mv2 2
[ Here, v = 72 km/h= 72000 = 20 m/s ] 60 × 60 or , s = v2 = 20 × 20 = 40 m 2μg 2 × 0.5 × 10
- Two masses of 1g and 9g are moving with equal kinetic energies. The ratio of the magnitudes of their respective linear momenta is
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1 (1)v12 = 1 (9)v22 2 2 ⇒ v12 = 9 or v1 = 3 v22 v2 Ratio of their linear momenta = m1v1 = 1 × (3) = 1 m2v2 9 3 Correct Option: C
1 (1)v12 = 1 (9)v22 2 2 ⇒ v12 = 9 or v1 = 3 v22 v2 Ratio of their linear momenta = m1v1 = 1 × (3) = 1 m2v2 9 3