When the government expenditure exceeds revenues, the government is having a budget deficit. Thus the budget deficit is the excess of government expenditures over government receipts (income). When the government is running a deficit, it is spending more than it’s receipts. Budgetary Deficit is the difference between all receipts and expenditure of the government, both revenue and capital. This difference is met by the net addition of the treasury bills issued by the RBI and drawing down of cash balances kept with the RBI. So when it is estimated, drawing down of cash balances is excluded.

Correct Option: C

When the government expenditure exceeds revenues, the government is having a budget deficit. Thus the budget deficit is the excess of government expenditures over government receipts (income). When the government is running a deficit, it is spending more than it’s receipts. Budgetary Deficit is the difference between all receipts and expenditure of the government, both revenue and capital. This difference is met by the net addition of the treasury bills issued by the RBI and drawing down of cash balances kept with the RBI. So when it is estimated, drawing down of cash balances is excluded.

Value Added Tax (VAT) is a tax applied on the value that is added to goods and services at each stage in the production and distribution chain. It forms part of the final price the consumer pays for the goods or services. On the domestic market, VAT is collected in stages, by registered manufacturers, wholesalers, retailers and services providers. It is only individuals and firms registered with the VAT Service who can charge VAT on their supplies. However, the collection of the tax at more than one stage does not lead to duplication of the tax. VAT is designed to ensure that most forms of consumer spending are taxed evenly and fairly. VAT is not a tax on the seller for it is the buyer who pays the tax. VAT will not be an additional tax, but a replacement for some existing indirect taxes. It will be a broad-based, comprehensive and simplified system of taxation on transactions. VAT will improve, simplify and modernize tax system.

Correct Option: A

Value Added Tax (VAT) is a tax applied on the value that is added to goods and services at each stage in the production and distribution chain. It forms part of the final price the consumer pays for the goods or services. On the domestic market, VAT is collected in stages, by registered manufacturers, wholesalers, retailers and services providers. It is only individuals and firms registered with the VAT Service who can charge VAT on their supplies. However, the collection of the tax at more than one stage does not lead to duplication of the tax. VAT is designed to ensure that most forms of consumer spending are taxed evenly and fairly. VAT is not a tax on the seller for it is the buyer who pays the tax. VAT will not be an additional tax, but a replacement for some existing indirect taxes. It will be a broad-based, comprehensive and simplified system of taxation on transactions. VAT will improve, simplify and modernize tax system.

The Indian government banned the import of terminator seeds on fears the seeds would threaten traditional crops and put the well-being of Indian farmers at risk. The technology would have serious implications on the crop biodiversity. It may lead to gradual extinction of traditional varieties. Crop related wild varieties, important for natural evolution for crop species would be affected by cross-contamination. Inserting terminator genes into crops would prevent them from producing fertile seeds.

Correct Option: C

The Indian government banned the import of terminator seeds on fears the seeds would threaten traditional crops and put the well-being of Indian farmers at risk. The technology would have serious implications on the crop biodiversity. It may lead to gradual extinction of traditional varieties. Crop related wild varieties, important for natural evolution for crop species would be affected by cross-contamination. Inserting terminator genes into crops would prevent them from producing fertile seeds.

An open market operation (also known as OMO) is an activity by a central bank to buy or sell government bonds on the open market. A central bank uses them as the primary means of implementing monetary policy. The usual aim of open market operations is to control the short term interest rate and the supply of base money in an economy, and thus indirectly control the total money supply. This involves meeting the demand of base money at the target interest rate by buying and selling government securities, or other financial instruments. Monetary targets, such as inflation, interest rates, or exchange rates, are used to guide this implementation.

Correct Option: C

An open market operation (also known as OMO) is an activity by a central bank to buy or sell government bonds on the open market. A central bank uses them as the primary means of implementing monetary policy. The usual aim of open market operations is to control the short term interest rate and the supply of base money in an economy, and thus indirectly control the total money supply. This involves meeting the demand of base money at the target interest rate by buying and selling government securities, or other financial instruments. Monetary targets, such as inflation, interest rates, or exchange rates, are used to guide this implementation.

The Reserve Bank has introduced banknotes in the Mahatma Gandhi Series since 1996 and has so far issued notes in the denominations of Rs.5, Rs.10, Rs.20, Rs.50, Rs.100, Rs.500 and Rs.1000 in this series. Mahatma Gandhi series of Rs. 50 notes has picture of Parliament of India on its reverse.

Correct Option: C

The Reserve Bank has introduced banknotes in the Mahatma Gandhi Series since 1996 and has so far issued notes in the denominations of Rs.5, Rs.10, Rs.20, Rs.50, Rs.100, Rs.500 and Rs.1000 in this series. Mahatma Gandhi series of Rs. 50 notes has picture of Parliament of India on its reverse.