Science and Technology


  1. Who propounded the possibility of placing communications satellites in geosynchronous orbit for the first time?









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    Arthur C. Clarke was a British science fiction author, inventor, and futurist, famous for his short stories and novels, among them 2001: A Space Odyssey (1968), and as a host and commentator in the British television series Mysterious World. Clarke has contributed to the popularity of the idea that geostationary satellites would be ideal telecommunications relays. He described this concept in a paper titled Extra-Terrestrial Relays – Can Rocket Stations Give Worldwide Radio Coverage?, published in Wireless World in October 1945. The geostationary orbit is now sometimes known as the Clarke Orbit or the Clarke Belt in his honour.

    Correct Option: C

    Arthur C. Clarke was a British science fiction author, inventor, and futurist, famous for his short stories and novels, among them 2001: A Space Odyssey (1968), and as a host and commentator in the British television series Mysterious World. Clarke has contributed to the popularity of the idea that geostationary satellites would be ideal telecommunications relays. He described this concept in a paper titled Extra-Terrestrial Relays – Can Rocket Stations Give Worldwide Radio Coverage?, published in Wireless World in October 1945. The geostationary orbit is now sometimes known as the Clarke Orbit or the Clarke Belt in his honour.


  1. What was the name of the space shuttle that landed man on the moon?









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    The Apollo missions were a series of space missions, both manned and unmanned, flown by NASA between 1961 and 1975. They culminated with a series of manned Moon landings between 1969 and 1972. The first manned flight of Apollo was in 1968 and it succeeded in landing the first humans on Earth’s Moon in 1969 through 1972. It was during the Apollo 11 mission that astronauts Neil Armstrong and Buzz Aldrin landed their Lunar Module (LM) on the Moon on July 20, 1969 and walked on its surface while Michael Collins remained in lunar orbit in the command spacecraft, and all three landed safely on Earth on July 24.

    Correct Option: D

    The Apollo missions were a series of space missions, both manned and unmanned, flown by NASA between 1961 and 1975. They culminated with a series of manned Moon landings between 1969 and 1972. The first manned flight of Apollo was in 1968 and it succeeded in landing the first humans on Earth’s Moon in 1969 through 1972. It was during the Apollo 11 mission that astronauts Neil Armstrong and Buzz Aldrin landed their Lunar Module (LM) on the Moon on July 20, 1969 and walked on its surface while Michael Collins remained in lunar orbit in the command spacecraft, and all three landed safely on Earth on July 24.



  1. Which one of the following shipyards build warships for Indian Navy?









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    Garden Reach Shipbuilders & Engineers Limited (GRSE) is one of India’s leading shipyards, located in Kolkata, West Bengal. It builds and repairs commercial and navals vessels. Founded in 1884 as a small privately-owned company on the eastern bank of the Hooghly River, it was renamed as Garden Reach Workshop in 1916. The company was nationalized by the Government of India in 1960. It was awarded the Miniratna status, with accompanying financial and operational autonomy in September 2006. Among commercial and scientific ships, GRSE builds oceanographic and hydrographic research vessels, marine acoustic research ships, non-propelled dredgers, grab hopper dredgers, trailing suction hopper dredgers, tugboats, and bulk carriers. GRSE built the Brahmaputra class frigates. It also built two of the Khukri class and all the Kora class corvettes. It has been awarded a contract to build four Kamorta class corvettes. It built all the Seaward class, Trinkat class, Bangaram class, and Car Nicobar class patrol vessels.

    Correct Option: D

    Garden Reach Shipbuilders & Engineers Limited (GRSE) is one of India’s leading shipyards, located in Kolkata, West Bengal. It builds and repairs commercial and navals vessels. Founded in 1884 as a small privately-owned company on the eastern bank of the Hooghly River, it was renamed as Garden Reach Workshop in 1916. The company was nationalized by the Government of India in 1960. It was awarded the Miniratna status, with accompanying financial and operational autonomy in September 2006. Among commercial and scientific ships, GRSE builds oceanographic and hydrographic research vessels, marine acoustic research ships, non-propelled dredgers, grab hopper dredgers, trailing suction hopper dredgers, tugboats, and bulk carriers. GRSE built the Brahmaputra class frigates. It also built two of the Khukri class and all the Kora class corvettes. It has been awarded a contract to build four Kamorta class corvettes. It built all the Seaward class, Trinkat class, Bangaram class, and Car Nicobar class patrol vessels.


  1. Which of the following is not true for Geostationary Satellite?









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    A geosynchronous satellite is a satellite in geosynchronous orbit, with an orbital period the same as the Earth’s rotation period. Such a satellite returns to the same position in the sky after each sidereal day, and over the course of a day traces out a path in the sky that is typically some form of analemma. A geostationary orbit, or Geostationary Earth Orbit (GEO), is a circular orbit 35,786 kilometres above the Earth’s equator and following the direction of the Earth’s rotation. An object in such an orbit has an orbital period equal to the Earth’s rotational period (one sidereal day), and thus appears motionless, at a fixed position in the sky, to ground observers.

    Correct Option: C

    A geosynchronous satellite is a satellite in geosynchronous orbit, with an orbital period the same as the Earth’s rotation period. Such a satellite returns to the same position in the sky after each sidereal day, and over the course of a day traces out a path in the sky that is typically some form of analemma. A geostationary orbit, or Geostationary Earth Orbit (GEO), is a circular orbit 35,786 kilometres above the Earth’s equator and following the direction of the Earth’s rotation. An object in such an orbit has an orbital period equal to the Earth’s rotational period (one sidereal day), and thus appears motionless, at a fixed position in the sky, to ground observers.



  1. Which is the latest satellite of India placed in the geosynchronous orbit?









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    INSAT-3A, a multipurpose satellite built by ISRO was launched by Ariane in April 2003. It is located at 93.5 degree East longitude. It is third satellite in INSAT-3 series after INSAT-3B & INSAT-3C.Built at a cost of $53 mn, it will provide communication, weather and search & rescue services. INSAT 3A was launched by Ariane-5 launch vehicle of Arianespace on April 10, 2003 at 4.22 am IST from Kourou, French Guyana. It was placed into a Geosynchronous Transfer Orbit (GTO), 30 minutes after the lift-off in 3-axis stabilized mode.
    Note : On August 27, 2015, ISRO successfully launched the GSLV-D6 spacecraft carrying the GSAT6 satellite into Geosynchronous Transfer Orbit (GTO).

    Correct Option: B

    INSAT-3A, a multipurpose satellite built by ISRO was launched by Ariane in April 2003. It is located at 93.5 degree East longitude. It is third satellite in INSAT-3 series after INSAT-3B & INSAT-3C.Built at a cost of $53 mn, it will provide communication, weather and search & rescue services. INSAT 3A was launched by Ariane-5 launch vehicle of Arianespace on April 10, 2003 at 4.22 am IST from Kourou, French Guyana. It was placed into a Geosynchronous Transfer Orbit (GTO), 30 minutes after the lift-off in 3-axis stabilized mode.
    Note : On August 27, 2015, ISRO successfully launched the GSLV-D6 spacecraft carrying the GSAT6 satellite into Geosynchronous Transfer Orbit (GTO).