Abzyme is a monoclonal antibody with catalytic activity. Abzymes are usually artificial constructs, but are also found in normal and in patients with autoimmune diseases such as systemic lupus erythematosus, where they can bind to and hydrolyze DNA.

Correct Option: A

Abzyme is a monoclonal antibody with catalytic activity. Abzymes are usually artificial constructs, but are also found in normal and in patients with autoimmune diseases such as systemic lupus erythematosus, where they can bind to and hydrolyze DNA.

NA

Correct Option: D

NA

Pasteur effect : While the oxygen concentration is low, the product of glycolysis, (pyruvate), is turned into ethanol and carbon dioxide, and the energy production efficiency is low (2 moles of ATP per mole of glucose). If the oxygen concentration grows, pyruvate is converted to acetyl CoA that can be used in the citric acid cycle, which increases the efficiency to 36 moles of ATP per mole of glucose. Therefore, about 15 times as much glucose must be consumed anaerobically as aerobically to yield the same amount of ATP. Thus it is heat treatment for bacteria.

Correct Option: B

Pasteur effect : While the oxygen concentration is low, the product of glycolysis, (pyruvate), is turned into ethanol and carbon dioxide, and the energy production efficiency is low (2 moles of ATP per mole of glucose). If the oxygen concentration grows, pyruvate is converted to acetyl CoA that can be used in the citric acid cycle, which increases the efficiency to 36 moles of ATP per mole of glucose. Therefore, about 15 times as much glucose must be consumed anaerobically as aerobically to yield the same amount of ATP. Thus it is heat treatment for bacteria.

Proteasomes are protein complexes inside all eukaryotes and archaea, and in some bacteria. In eukaryotes, they are located in the nucleus and the cytoplasm. The main function of the proteasome is to degrade unneeded or damaged proteins by proteolysis, a chemical reaction that breaks peptide bonds.

Correct Option: B

Proteasomes are protein complexes inside all eukaryotes and archaea, and in some bacteria. In eukaryotes, they are located in the nucleus and the cytoplasm. The main function of the proteasome is to degrade unneeded or damaged proteins by proteolysis, a chemical reaction that breaks peptide bonds.

It creates the substrate based higher influx leading to a positively charged substrate and a negatively charged product.

Correct Option: A

It creates the substrate based higher influx leading to a positively charged substrate and a negatively charged product.