The Clustal series of programs are widely used in molecular biology for the multiple alignment of both nucleic acid and protein sequences and for preparing phylogenetic trees. The popularity of the programs depends on a number of factors, including not only the accuracy of the results, but also the robustness, portability anduser-friendliness of the programs. New features include NEXUS and FASTA format output, printing range numbers and faster tree calculation. Although, Clustal was originally developed to run on a local computer, numerous Web servers have been set up, notably at the EBI (European Bioinformatics Institute).

Correct Option: C

The Clustal series of programs are widely used in molecular biology for the multiple alignment of both nucleic acid and protein sequences and for preparing phylogenetic trees. The popularity of the programs depends on a number of factors, including not only the accuracy of the results, but also the robustness, portability anduser-friendliness of the programs. New features include NEXUS and FASTA format output, printing range numbers and faster tree calculation. Although, Clustal was originally developed to run on a local computer, numerous Web servers have been set up, notably at the EBI (European Bioinformatics Institute).

A program for constructing phylogenetic tree is PHYLIP. It is a Phylogeny Inference Package. It is a free computational phylogenetic package which has programs for inferring inferring evolutionary tree constructions.

Correct Option: A

A program for constructing phylogenetic tree is PHYLIP. It is a Phylogeny Inference Package. It is a free computational phylogenetic package which has programs for inferring inferring evolutionary tree constructions.

Point accepted mutation (PAM) matrix is used for species having deletion or insertion at any particular point in the nucleotide sequence. Block substitution matrix (BLOSUM) is used for species whose sequences have undergone substitution. PAM 40 means that 40 % of the sequences are mutated and 60% are conserved while BLOSUM 80 means that 80% of the sequences are conserved and rest 20% are mutated. So, PAM 40 and BLOSUM 80 can be used for less divergent or closely related species for performing the alignment.

Correct Option: B

Point accepted mutation (PAM) matrix is used for species having deletion or insertion at any particular point in the nucleotide sequence. Block substitution matrix (BLOSUM) is used for species whose sequences have undergone substitution. PAM 40 means that 40 % of the sequences are mutated and 60% are conserved while BLOSUM 80 means that 80% of the sequences are conserved and rest 20% are mutated. So, PAM 40 and BLOSUM 80 can be used for less divergent or closely related species for performing the alignment.