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  1. To provide safety against piping failure, with a factor of safety of 5, what should be he maximum permissible exit gradient for soil with specific gravity of 2.5 and porosity of 0.35?
    1. 0.155
    2. 0.176
    3. 0.195
    4. 0.213
Correct Option: C

iC =
(G - 1)
= (G- 1)(1 - η)
(1 + e)

= (2.5 – 1) (1– 0.35) = 0.975
max. possible exit gradient, = 0.975/5 = 0.195 (F. S = 5)



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