The ratio of the theoretical critical buckling load for

The ratio of the theoretical critical buckling load for a column with fixed ends to that of another column with the same dimensions and material, but with pinned ends, is equal to

p =	π² EI
	l_eff²

For fixed end, l_eff = l/2
For pinned end, l_eff = l

p ∝	1
	l_eff²

	p₁	=	l₂²	=	l²	= 4
	p₂		l₁²		(l/2)²