During the filling process of a given sand mould cavity

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During the filling process of a given sand mould cavity by molten metal through a horizontal runner of circular C.S, the frictional head loss of the molten metal in the runner will increase with the

1. Increase in runner diameter
2. Decrease internal surface roughness of the runner
3. Decrease in length of runner
4. Increase in average velocity of molten metal

Correct Option: C

H_L =	4fLV²
	2gD