Correct Option: A

Saul Perlmutter is an American astrophysicist at the Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory and a professor of physics at the University of California, Berkeley. He is a member of the American Academy of Arts & Sciences, and was elected a Fellow of the American Association for the Advancement of Science in 2003. He is also a member of the National Academy of Sciences. Perlmutter shared both the 2006 Shaw Prize in Astronomy and the 2011 Nobel Prize in Physics with Brian P. Schmidt and Adam Riess for providing evidence that the expansion of the universe is accelerating. Note : The Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences has decided to award the Nobel Prize in Physics 2016 with one half to David J. Thouless(University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA)and the other half to F. Duncan M. Haldane(Princeton University, NJ, US) and J. Michael Kosterlitz(Brown University, Providence, RI, USA) “for theoretical discoveries of topological phase transitions and topological phases of matter”